Exam 35: Control of Body Fluid Osmolality and Volume

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Hyponatremia can sometimes be seen in individuals whose ECF volume is decreased by more than 10%.Which of the following factors contributes to the development of hyponatremia in this situation?

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Question 1

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Which of the following maneuvers would be expected to stimulate antidiuretic hormone (ADH)secretion?

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Question 2

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A patient has polyuria and polydipsia,and the urine osmolality is 100 mOsm/kg H₂O.After an intravenous injection of ADH,urine volume decreases and urine osmolality increases.What is the probable disorder in this patient?

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Question 3

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A 45-year-old woman has a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg.Her doctor recommends a low-salt diet.When she has reached a new steady state on her new diet,what would her serum [Na⁺] and ECF volume become in comparison with their values on her previous diet?

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Question 4

A 78-year-old woman with congestive heart failure develops pitting edema in her legs.In comparison with a healthy (i.e.,euvolemic)individual,what set of parameters would be expected in this woman?

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Question 5

The kidneys maintain a constant plasma osmolality by regulating the excretion of which of the following?

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Question 6

Which of the following situations would be expected to cause an increase in ADH secretion by the posterior pituitary gland?

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Question 7

Which of the following will occur with a decrease in the ECF volume?

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Question 8

A patient has polyuria and polydipsia,and the urine osmolality is 100 mOsm/kg H₂O.The polyuria and polydipsia are not corrected by intravenous injection of ADH,and the exogenous ADH does not alter urine osmolality.What is the probable disorder in this patient?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 9

Vasopressin has which of the following actions?

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Question 10

A 56-year-old woman has congestive heart failure with generalized edema.Which of the following plays an important role in the formation of edema in this woman?

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Question 11

An individual is stricken with an illness characterized by nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea.Over a 2-day period,this individual experiences a 3-kg loss in weight without a change in the plasma [Na⁺].What can be concluded about body fluid volumes and composition in this individual?

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Question 12

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Exam 35: Control of Body Fluid Osmolality and Volume

Hyponatremia can sometimes be seen in individuals whose ECF volume is decreased by more than 10%.Which of the following factors contributes to the development of hyponatremia in this situation?

Which of the following maneuvers would be expected to stimulate antidiuretic hormone (ADH)secretion?

A patient has polyuria and polydipsia,and the urine osmolality is 100 mOsm/kg H2O.After an intravenous injection of ADH,urine volume decreases and urine osmolality increases.What is the probable disorder in this patient?

A 45-year-old woman has a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg.Her doctor recommends a low-salt diet.When she has reached a new steady state on her new diet,what would her serum [Na+] and ECF volume become in comparison with their values on her previous diet?

A 78-year-old woman with congestive heart failure develops pitting edema in her legs.In comparison with a healthy (i.e.,euvolemic)individual,what set of parameters would be expected in this woman?

The kidneys maintain a constant plasma osmolality by regulating the excretion of which of the following?

Which of the following situations would be expected to cause an increase in ADH secretion by the posterior pituitary gland?

Which of the following will occur with a decrease in the ECF volume?

A patient has polyuria and polydipsia,and the urine osmolality is 100 mOsm/kg H2O.The polyuria and polydipsia are not corrected by intravenous injection of ADH,and the exogenous ADH does not alter urine osmolality.What is the probable disorder in this patient?

Vasopressin has which of the following actions?

A 56-year-old woman has congestive heart failure with generalized edema.Which of the following plays an important role in the formation of edema in this woman?

An individual is stricken with an illness characterized by nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea.Over a 2-day period,this individual experiences a 3-kg loss in weight without a change in the plasma [Na+].What can be concluded about body fluid volumes and composition in this individual?

Principles of Cell Function

Homeostasis of Body Fluids

Signal Transduction, membrane Receptors, second Messengers, and Regulation of Gene Expression

The Nervous System: Introduction to Cells and Systems

Generation and Conduction of Action Potentials

Synaptic Transmission

The Somatosensory System

The Special Senses

Organization of Motor Function

Higher Functions of the Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Its Central Control

Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Overview of Circulation

Elements of Cardiac Function

Properties of the Vasculature

Regulation of the Heart and Vasculature

Integrated Control of the Cardiovascular System

Structure and Function of the Respiratory System

Static Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Dynamic Lung and Chest Wall Mechanics

Ventilation

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Control of Respiration

Non-Physiologic Functions of the Lung: Host Defense and Metabolism

Functional Anatomy and General Principles of Regulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract

The Cephalic, oral, and Esophageal Phases of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Gastric Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Small Intestinal Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

The Colonic Phase of the Integrated Response to a Meal

Transport and Metabolic Functions of the Liver

Elements of Renal Function

Solute and Water Transport Along the Nephron: Tubular Function

Potassium, calcium, and Phosphate Homeostasis

Role of the Kidneys in the Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Hormonal Regulation of Energy Metabolism

Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Adrenal Glands

The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

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A patient has polyuria and polydipsia,and the urine osmolality is 100 mOsm/kg H₂O.After an intravenous injection of ADH,urine volume decreases and urine osmolality increases.What is the probable disorder in this patient?

A 45-year-old woman has a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg.Her doctor recommends a low-salt diet.When she has reached a new steady state on her new diet,what would her serum [Na⁺] and ECF volume become in comparison with their values on her previous diet?

A patient has polyuria and polydipsia,and the urine osmolality is 100 mOsm/kg H₂O.The polyuria and polydipsia are not corrected by intravenous injection of ADH,and the exogenous ADH does not alter urine osmolality.What is the probable disorder in this patient?

An individual is stricken with an illness characterized by nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea.Over a 2-day period,this individual experiences a 3-kg loss in weight without a change in the plasma [Na⁺].What can be concluded about body fluid volumes and composition in this individual?