Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Media violence causes all viewers to become aggressive.

Isabella learns a positive response to the word birthday because of its association with gifts and attention.This would be an example of:

Match the contributions with the appropriate people. -cognition in classical conditioning

College students looked at slides of either beige pens or blue pens while either appealing or unappealing music played in the background.Based on this procedure,it is evident that the researchers are studying:

List six reasons why punishment fails.

Bad grades would be examples of secondary punishers.

A common error that people make is to reward on an intermittent basis the very responses that they would like to eliminate.Create an example that illustrates this type of error and that explains the consequences that could occur.

When four-year-old Aislin goes on errands with her dad and whines for a treat,he stops somewhere and buys her a treat.But when she goes on errands with her mom,whining never ends up getting her a treat.Before long,Aislin only whines when she is going on errands with her dad.This is called:

A behaviourist is MOST likely to make which of the following statements:

Robert Rescorla said that a conditioned stimulus must reliably ________ an unconditioned stimulus.

When speaking of reinforcers,the words "positive" and "negative" can be thought of as "good" and "bad."

What is actually learned in classical conditioning? The answer varies depending on the theorist's approach.What is actually learned in classical conditioning according to the traditional Pavlovian approach? What is actually learned in classical conditioning according to many contemporary psychologists? How has the imaginative research of Robert Rescorla supported the contemporary view? Describe the support for the contemporary view using the example in the textbook about the employee receiving telephone calls with disastrous outcomes.

Punishment occurs every day in families,schools,and workplaces.But often the intended results fail to occur.Explain,in detail,six reasons why punishment fails.When punishment must be used,what guidelines should be followed?

The process of ________ increases the range of stimuli to which a CR will be made,while ________ decreases or narrows the range of stimuli to which a CR will be made.

Match the descriptions with the appropriate concept. -The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction.

It is interesting to note that the two individuals most closely associated with behaviourism didn't plan the aspects of their research findings that became influential worldwide.Explain how Ivan Pavlov won a Nobel Prize for his work on digestion,but became renowned for his work on conditioning.Years later,when B.F.Skinner ran low on food pellets for his rats,he made a fortuitous discovery regarding reinforcement schedules.Describe Skinner's research regarding these schedules.

Edward Tolman demonstrated ________ in his study of rats who initially received no reinforcement in a maze.

In operant conditioning,________ occurs when a reinforcer is removed.

Counterconditioning occurs when a learned response reoccurs after its apparent extinction.