Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

A stimulus that is inherently reinforcing is called a secondary reinforcer.

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms. -A process in which an individual learns new responses by observing the behaviour of another (a model)rather than through direct experience.

When a three-year-old named Peter was deathly afraid of rabbits,what classical conditioning procedures helped reduce his fear?

Stimulus discrimination is the process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response.

Which of the following is NOT true about B.F.Skinner?

As the activities director of a nursing home,Betty wants to help the residents become more independent and to make many of their own daily decisions.Create an example describing how Betty could use positive reinforcement in order to strengthen the independence of the residents.

Ivan Pavlov won a Nobel Prize for his psychological work in the field of classical conditioning.

Match the contributions with the appropriate people. -proposed the concept of instinctive drift

In classical conditioning procedures,it is sometimes possible for higher-order conditioning to occur.Explain this process.Describe the research on higher-order conditioning in which slugs were the research subjects.

You classically condition your dog Milo to salivate when middle C is played on the piano.When you play D instead of C Milo doesn't receive food and eventually Milo is salivating for C but not for D! This phenomenon is known as:

Shortly after Martin and his wife ate filet mignon with Béarnaise sauce,Martin fell ill with the flu.Classical conditioning occurred,and ________ became a conditioned stimulus for nausea.

Higher-order conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an already established conditioned stimulus.

According to Pavlov,learning occurs when:

Humans are biologically primed to associate sickness with tastes more readily than with sights.

Match the descriptions with the appropriate type of reinforcement. -Use of a reinforcer that is inherently related to the activity being reinforced.

Deciding whether to provide continuous reinforcement,or one of the intermittent schedules of reinforcement,is an important issue in effective operant conditioning.If you want a response to persist after it has been learned,what schedule would best suit your needs? Paige wants to make sure that her roommate,Kelly,continues to keep clutter off Paige's desk now that Kelly has learned to keep it clutter-free.Describe a schedule of reinforcement that would be effective given Paige's goal.

Having a gold star placed on one's spelling quiz would be a primary reinforcer.

In Pavlov's studies of classical conditioning in dogs,the meat powder was the:

The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction is called:

When Arthur fed his fish,he used to switch on the light just before he gave them their food.He noticed that they would swim to the top as soon the aquarium light came on.He decided to see what would happen if he switched on the light but did not feed the fish.For one week he doesn't feed the fish after turning on the light.Arthur is trying to see if ________ will occur.