Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Match the descriptions with the appropriate concept. -An operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

Nursery school children were shown a film of two men,Johnny and Rocky,playing with toys.When Johnny wouldn't share,Rocky clobbered him,marching off with all the toys in a sack.One-way mirror observations showed that children who viewed this film,when compared with children who had not:

Stimulus generalization occurs when,after conditioning,an organism tends to respond to a stimulus that resembles one involved in the original conditioning.

Many automatic,involuntary responses,including heartbeat and stomach secretions,have been classically conditioned.

Describe two differences between the two types of conditioning studied by behaviourists.

Once a response has become reliable,it will be more easily extinguished on a:

In their study of three groups of rats in a maze,Tolman and Honzik noted that ________ occurs without obvious reinforcement.

For classical conditioning to be effective in forming an association,the CS should be presented:

An unconditioned stimulus is an event or a thing that elicits a response automatically or reflexively.

Having one's hair lightly stroked would be a primary reinforcer.

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms. -A basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism's responses.

After a child learns to fear spiders,he also responds with fear to ants and beetles.This is an example of:

There is a strong correlation between media violence and aggression.

If a child learns to fear spiders and then responds to beetles with fear,then stimulus discrimination has occurred.

In the late 1800s,G.Stanley Hall conducted a study of anger.One case involved a three-year-old girl who asked a calm question right in the middle of a tantrum.Evidently,the child:

In the "Little Albert" study,what was the unconditioned stimulus?

When a dog has been classically conditioned to salivate in response to the sound of middle C on a piano,and then salivates when someone plays the D by mistake,________ has occurred.

In operant conditioning,the word "operant" denotes the idea that behaviour:

Punishing a child's misbehaviour is most effective if there is a delay between the behaviour and the punishment so that the child has time to mull over the consequence to come.

John Watson and his colleague Rosalie Rayner showed Little Albert a live white rat.Albert: