Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Higher-order conditioning involves using an already established ________ to establish a new conditioned stimulus.

Shortly after Martin and his wife ate filet mignon with Béarnaise sauce,Martin fell ill with the flu.Classical conditioning occurred and Béarnaise sauce became a conditioned stimuli for nausea.The waiter,however,did not become a conditioned stimulus.According to the Garcia effect:

All of the following statements about classical and operant conditioning are true EXCEPT:

Pavlov called the phenomenon that he had stumbled upon a "________," but an error in the translation of his writings was made.

The weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response is called:

In the "Little Albert" study,the conditioned stimulus was a rat.

Isabel's parents want to reinforce her for cleaning her room,but Isabel never cleans it.The solution to this dilemma is to:

Match the definitions with the appropriate concepts. -The process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response.

A problem for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy involves the nausea and/or vomiting that the treatment often produces.What role does generalization play in this problem? How has higher-order conditioning been illustrated?

B.F.Skinner,in the late 1800s,set the stage for operant conditioning procedures when he observed cats as they tried to escape from a puzzle box to get a scrap of fish.

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms. -An approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behaviour and the role of the environment as a determinant of behaviour.

Intermittent reinforcement schedules vary in how the reinforcers are delivered.Describe the two major types of intermittent schedules.

Professor Inglot gives a student a D on a term paper that was completely inadequate.The D grade is an example of:

When Keller and Marian Breland,two psychologists who became animal trainers,decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box,they found that:

B.F.Skinner,a kind and mild-mannered man,won the 1972 Humanist of the Year Award.

You train your dog Milo to salivate to the sound of a bell.Then you ring the bell every five minutes and don't follow the ringing with food for Milo.He salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at all when the bell rings.But the next morning,when you ring the bell,Milo salivates! What term is used to explain the reappearance of this response?

Extrinsic rewards can sometimes reduce the intrinsic pleasure of an activity.

Kyla wants to make sure that her dog Axel does not beg for food from the table.Every time that Axel begs,Kyla says "No" in a sharp,scolding voice and she never gives in.Kyla is using:

Stimulus generalization occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response.

Match the examples with the appropriate type of reinforcement or punishment. -Because she had not studied for her history test,Maria received a D on the test.