Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Study of the principles of classical conditioning reveals that:

Serena's friends ask her to meet them at a new restaurant.She is hesitant about catching up with them because she has never been to that specific address.Serena finds her way there because she experienced ________ when driving to other addresses in that part of town.

A discriminative stimulus may be nonverbal,such as a traffic light.

The process of observational learning would explain how three-year-old Ryan knows how to lather up his own face after watching his dad shave earlier that day.

Harry and Sally want their daughter to begin using her utensils correctly at the dinner table.But they can't reinforce her appropriate behaviour because she doesn't ever use her fork and knife appropriately! What conditioning procedures would be useful in this situation? Briefly describe how Harry and Sally might behave in order to reinforce their goal in this example.

When their cancer is treated through chemotherapy,individuals may generalize the nausea caused by chemotherapy to the place where the therapy takes place.When this occurs,the conditioned response is:

Miranda notices that her cat scurries into the kitchen as soon as Miranda opens a can of cat food with an electric can opener.In this example,the ________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

Describe the different kinds of stimuli and responses that occurred in the "Little Albert" study conducted by John Watson and Rosalie Raynor.

Counterconditioning is a process in which a conditioned stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response.

In classical conditioning,the responses involved tend to be ________,but in operant conditioning they are ________.

Once a response has become reliable,it will be more resistant to extinction:

When Danny feeds his fish,he notices that they swim to the top as soon as he turns on the aquarium light.In this example,the ________ is the conditioned stimulus.

Behaviour modification has been effective in training brain-damaged patients to control inappropriate behaviours.

Match the examples with the appropriate type of reinforcement or punishment. -The new cough medicine Jim used was so effective in relieving his cough that he vowed to use it whenever he had a cough.

Your dog Milo has learned to salivate at the sight of a bright blue food dish that says MILO.What phenomenon will be likely to occur if Milo catches sight of your brand-new,blue plastic cereal dish (which doesn't say MILO)? Assuming that you never give Milo food out of your cereal dish,what will eventually happen?

Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

When Alan feeds his fish,he notices that they swim to the top as soon as he turns on the aquarium light.In this example,the ________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

As an advertising executive on Bay Street in Toronto,JB is quite fond of using classical conditioning techniques in order to get the public to like his client's products.JB notices an interesting study in which college students looked at slides of either beige pens or blue pens while either popular or unfamiliar music played in the background.Design an advertising campaign that JB could develop based on this study.Be specific in describing the product that JB is marketing and the steps he takes to make it a well-liked product among the Canadian public.

Kelsey's dad uses a primary reinforcer to strengthen the response she just made.The reinforcing stimulus would be:

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms. -The application of conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce or eliminate maladaptive or problematic behaviour.