Question 1

According to the behaviourists:

Accepted Answer

A) the predominant area of research should be free will and the mind. 
B) observable events and acts are the focus of psychological research. 
C) researchers should focus on the interaction between nature and nurture. 
D) psychological research needs to emphasize the unconscious underpinnings of behaviour. 
A) the predominant area of research should be free will and the mind. 
B) observable events and acts are the focus of psychological research. 
C) researchers should focus on the interaction between nature and nurture. 
D) psychological research needs to emphasize the unconscious underpinnings of behaviour.

Question 2

The process by which a stimulus weakens the probability of the response that it follows is called:

Accepted Answer

A) higher-order conditioning. 
B) determinism. 
C) punishment. 
D) reinforcement. 
A) higher-order conditioning. 
B) determinism. 
C) punishment. 
D) reinforcement.

Question 3

An electric shock would be an example of a secondary punisher.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A discriminative stimulus signals when a particular response is likely to be followed by a certain type of consequence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Bad grades would be examples of primary punishers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A conditioned stimulus is an event or a thing that elicits a response automatically or reflexively.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Pavlov was elated when his student noticed that the dogs were salivating before tasting the food. 
B) Pavlov continued his Nobel Prize-winning research on digestion after documenting conditioning. 
C) Pavlov was studying salivation in dogs as part of a research program on digestion. 
D) Pavlov stressed the importance of speculating about the dogs' feelings toward the food. 
A) Pavlov was elated when his student noticed that the dogs were salivating before tasting the food. 
B) Pavlov continued his Nobel Prize-winning research on digestion after documenting conditioning. 
C) Pavlov was studying salivation in dogs as part of a research program on digestion. 
D) Pavlov stressed the importance of speculating about the dogs' feelings toward the food.

Question 8

The difference between a reinforcer and a punisher is that:

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcers are primary and punishers are secondary. 
B) reinforcers are positive and punishers are negative. 
C) reinforcers strengthen behaviour and punishers weaken behaviour. 
D) punishers are primary and reinforcers are secondary. 
A) reinforcers are primary and punishers are secondary. 
B) reinforcers are positive and punishers are negative. 
C) reinforcers strengthen behaviour and punishers weaken behaviour. 
D) punishers are primary and reinforcers are secondary.

Question 9

Adrianna's parents nag her because she is not living up to her academic potential.She increases her study time to stop the nagging.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) negative punishment. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) positive punishment. 
A) negative punishment. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) positive punishment.

Question 10

Learning that is not immediately expressed in performance is called:

Accepted Answer

A) slow learning. 
B) latent learning. 
C) extrinsic learning. 
D) delayed learning. 
A) slow learning. 
B) latent learning. 
C) extrinsic learning. 
D) delayed learning.

Question 11

Humans are biologically primed to be especially susceptible to certain kinds of acquired fears.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Joan begs her father for a frosted cookie at the bakery,but he refuses.Joan continues to whine and complain until finally her father buys her the cookie.For her dad,the ending of Joan's whiny behaviour is a ________ and for Joan the cookie is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcer; positive reinforcer 
B) positive reinforcer; negative reinforcer 
C) negative reinforcer; negative reinforcer 
D) positive reinforcer; positive reinforcer 
A) negative reinforcer; positive reinforcer 
B) positive reinforcer; negative reinforcer 
C) negative reinforcer; negative reinforcer 
D) positive reinforcer; positive reinforcer

Question 13

Match the contributions with the appropriate people.
-first proposed social-learning theory

Accepted Answer

A) Dollard and Miller 
B) Robert Rescorla 
C) Walter Mischel 
D) Albert Bandura 
E) Keller and Marian Breland 
A) Dollard and Miller 
B) Robert Rescorla 
C) Walter Mischel 
D) Albert Bandura 
E) Keller and Marian Breland

Question 14

Extrinsic rewards are not inherently related to the activity that is being reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When four-year-old Aileen goes to the store with her dad and whines for candy at the checkout,she gets the candy.But when she goes with her mom,whining never ends up getting her a candy.Before long,Aileen only whines when she is at the store with her dad.This is called:

Accepted Answer

A) continuous reinforcement. 
B) successive approximation. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) stimulus generalization. 
A) continuous reinforcement. 
B) successive approximation. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) stimulus generalization.

Question 16

Instinctive drift explains why:

Accepted Answer

A) pigs cannot learn to drop a "coin" in a box. 
B) pigeons can learn to bowl or play Ping-Pong. 
C) people prefer primary to secondary reinforcement. 
D) shaping can be used to train complex behaviours in animals. 
A) pigs cannot learn to drop a "coin" in a box. 
B) pigeons can learn to bowl or play Ping-Pong. 
C) people prefer primary to secondary reinforcement. 
D) shaping can be used to train complex behaviours in animals.

Question 17

Which school of thought heavily influenced the study of learning in the twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

A) social-cognitive 
B) behaviourism 
C) social-learning 
D) cognitive 
A) social-cognitive 
B) behaviourism 
C) social-learning 
D) cognitive

Question 18

Operant conditioning is most closely associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) B.F.Skinner. 
B) Ivan Pavlov. 
C) John Watson. 
D) John Garcia. 
A) B.F.Skinner. 
B) Ivan Pavlov. 
C) John Watson. 
D) John Garcia.

Question 19

Every week,Pearl spends her allowance on 500 grams of sour lemon gummy candies even though they always make her mouth water.One day,as she is walking down the street,Pearl notices a girl carrying a little white bag that looks like a candy shop bag! Pearl notices that her mouth is puckering and overflowing with saliva.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is the:

Accepted Answer

A) sour lemon gummy candy 
B) puckering and saliva 
C) allowance money 
D) little white bag 
A) sour lemon gummy candy 
B) puckering and saliva 
C) allowance money 
D) little white bag

Question 20

John Watson and his colleague Rosalie Rayner offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer.The white rat served as the ________ in their study.

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) counterconditioning stimulus 
C) conditioned stimulus 
D) discriminative stimulus 
A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) counterconditioning stimulus 
C) conditioned stimulus 
D) discriminative stimulus

According to the behaviourists:

The process by which a stimulus weakens the probability of the response that it follows is called:

An electric shock would be an example of a secondary punisher.

A discriminative stimulus signals when a particular response is likely to be followed by a certain type of consequence.

Bad grades would be examples of primary punishers.

A conditioned stimulus is an event or a thing that elicits a response automatically or reflexively.

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate?

The difference between a reinforcer and a punisher is that:

Adrianna's parents nag her because she is not living up to her academic potential.She increases her study time to stop the nagging.This is an example of:

Learning that is not immediately expressed in performance is called:

Humans are biologically primed to be especially susceptible to certain kinds of acquired fears.

Joan begs her father for a frosted cookie at the bakery,but he refuses.Joan continues to whine and complain until finally her father buys her the cookie.For her dad,the ending of Joan's whiny behaviour is a and for Joan the cookie is a .

Match the contributions with the appropriate people. -first proposed social-learning theory

Extrinsic rewards are not inherently related to the activity that is being reinforced.

When four-year-old Aileen goes to the store with her dad and whines for candy at the checkout,she gets the candy.But when she goes with her mom,whining never ends up getting her a candy.Before long,Aileen only whines when she is at the store with her dad.This is called:

Instinctive drift explains why:

Which school of thought heavily influenced the study of learning in the twentieth century?

Operant conditioning is most closely associated with:

John Watson and his colleague Rosalie Rayner offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer.The white rat served as the ________ in their study.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress,and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

According to the behaviourists:

The process by which a stimulus weakens the probability of the response that it follows is called:

An electric shock would be an example of a secondary punisher.

A discriminative stimulus signals when a particular response is likely to be followed by a certain type of consequence.

Bad grades would be examples of primary punishers.

A conditioned stimulus is an event or a thing that elicits a response automatically or reflexively.

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate?

The difference between a reinforcer and a punisher is that:

Adrianna's parents nag her because she is not living up to her academic potential.She increases her study time to stop the nagging.This is an example of:

Learning that is not immediately expressed in performance is called:

Humans are biologically primed to be especially susceptible to certain kinds of acquired fears.

Joan begs her father for a frosted cookie at the bakery,but he refuses.Joan continues to whine and complain until finally her father buys her the cookie.For her dad,the ending of Joan's whiny behaviour is a ________ and for Joan the cookie is a ________.

Match the contributions with the appropriate people. -first proposed social-learning theory

Extrinsic rewards are not inherently related to the activity that is being reinforced.

When four-year-old Aileen goes to the store with her dad and whines for candy at the checkout,she gets the candy.But when she goes with her mom,whining never ends up getting her a candy.Before long,Aileen only whines when she is at the store with her dad.This is called:

Instinctive drift explains why:

Which school of thought heavily influenced the study of learning in the twentieth century?

Operant conditioning is most closely associated with:

John Watson and his colleague Rosalie Rayner offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer.The white rat served as the ________ in their study.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress,and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Joan begs her father for a frosted cookie at the bakery,but he refuses.Joan continues to whine and complain until finally her father buys her the cookie.For her dad,the ending of Joan's whiny behaviour is a and for Joan the cookie is a .