Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Which of the following is NOT one of the names for the procedure by which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus?

A discriminative stimulus may be verbal,such as a sign that reads "Store hours from 9:00 to 5:00."

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

You clean your room so your mother will stop nagging you.Your mother used ________ to get you to clean your room.

Mild punishers,such as a firm "No!" are not as effective as stronger punishers would be if used in the same situation.

Classical conditioning has occurred if your mouth begins to water when you hear your dad say,"Come on in,dinner's ready!"

Iris learns a positive response to the word Thanksgiving because of its association with lots of good food and visits from favourite relatives.This would be an example of:

When a response is first acquired,learning is usually most rapid if the response is reinforced on a:

If you give your child a quarter every time he makes his bed,you are using:

Dorothy's mother has had hip replacement surgery.She is recovering well but is tentative and nervous about being left alone.Using the principles of behaviour modification and specifically positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement,how can Dorothy plan activities to strengthen her mother's independence?

Skinner rigged the cages of eight pigeons so that food was delivered every 15 seconds.Within a short time most of the pigeons were practicing some sort of consistent ritual,even though the ritual did not have the least effect on the delivery of the reinforcer.The birds were:

John B.Watson believed that classical conditioning could affect:

When people try to use reinforcers to change behaviour,there are two complications that sometimes occur: misuse of rewards and rewards that backfire.Analyze each of these complications.Describe ways in which these complications may be avoided.

Higher-order conditioning may contribute to the formation of:

Reinforcers do not have to be things.

In the 1930s,behaviourist Edward Tolman committed virtual heresy among his colleagues by noting that:

Which of the following would be most effective in eliminating a phobia in an adult?

The acquisition of a conditioned fear response appears to involve a receptor for the neurotransmitter:

According to behaviourists,conditioning can explain:

Before studying conditioning,Ivan Pavlov studied: