Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Match the definitions with the appropriate concept. -The classical-conditioning term for a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus.

Which of the statements below is NOT an explanation for why punishment fails?

Dr.Konstanza wants to train a rat to play basketball.She could wait until she was old and grey,however,before she could reinforce the rat for playing basketball! What conditioning procedure does Dr.Konstanza need to use? Outline,step by step,what she can do to meet her goal.

Match the descriptions with the appropriate concept. -A form of learning that is not immediately expressed in an overt response.

Negative emotions and dislikes can be classically conditioned,but it is difficult to use this technique to condition positive emotions.

The automatic,involuntary responses involved in blood pressure and muscle contractions cannot be classically conditioned.

Many people have learned to dislike a food after eating it and falling ill.Psychologist Martin Seligman reported how he was conditioned to hate Béarnaise sauce.Explain how this conditioning took place.In what way does his experience illustrate the role that biological priming plays in this type of conditioning? What food do you dislike? Analyze whether your reaction to this food could have been formed through conditioning.

After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear to a rat,Watson and Rayner wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit,cotton wool,and a Santa Claus mask.They were studying whether or not ________ had occurred.

Which of the following would NOT be a conditioned stimulus that would reduce a cancer patient's pain through the placebo effect?

In a classic experiment,Edward Tolman and C.H.Honzik placed three groups of rats in mazes and observed the behaviour of the rats daily for more than two weeks.What were the three conditions in this experiment? What did the results suggest?

Although the behavioural and social-cognitive approaches to learning differ in emphasis,they share a fundamental optimism about the possibilities of change for individuals and societies.

The first known scientific study of anger was conducted by G.Stanley Hall in the late 1800s.

Pavlov was at first annoyed when his research on the digestion of a dog was confounded by the dog's salivation before the meat powder was placed on its tongue.Describe his initial reactions and thoughts to this unexpected behaviour of the dog.

Learning is defined as any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs because of experience,except for changes due to fatigue,injury,or disease.

Sometimes a person learns to respond to a stimulus only when a discriminative stimulus is present.What does the discriminative stimulus signal? Illustrate the ways in which human behaviour is controlled by verbal discriminative stimuli.Illustrate the ways in which human behaviour is controlled by nonverbal discriminative stimuli.What role does this type of learning play in socialization?

Using Pavlov's procedure for classical conditioning you are able to condition your dog to salivate to middle C played on the piano.When you play the note above middle C,your pet still salivates,even though she never received food paired with this note! This phenomenon is known as:

A conditioned stimulus is an initially neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus.

Albert Bandura and his colleagues had nursery school children watch a short film of two men,Rocky and Johnny,playing with toys.What did the researchers learn about observational learning through this study?

Through classical conditioning procedures,slugs have been trained to associate the smell of carrots with a bitter-tasting chemical.

A behaviourist would agree that: