Question 1

_____ is a nitrogen mustard compound converted to a DNA-alkylating agent in the body that is used to inhibit cell proliferation after transplantation.

Accepted Answer

A) Methotrexate 
B) Rapamycin 
C) FK506 
D) Cyclophosphamide 
E) Mycophenolate mofetil. 
A) Methotrexate 
B) Rapamycin 
C) FK506 
D) Cyclophosphamide 
E) Mycophenolate mofetil.

Question 2

_____ from a bone marrow transplant facilitate alloreactive responses,causing the condition defined as acute graft-versus-host disease.

Accepted Answer

A) Natural killer cells 
B) Mature T cells 
C) Dendritic cells 
D) Thymocytes 
E) Mature B cells. 
A) Natural killer cells 
B) Mature T cells 
C) Dendritic cells 
D) Thymocytes 
E) Mature B cells.

Question 3

_____ is/are a disease or genetic defect that can be treated by bone marrow transplantation.(Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) A leukocyte defect 
B) Multiple myeloma 
C) Hemoglobin defects 
D) Celiac disease 
E) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). 
A) A leukocyte defect 
B) Multiple myeloma 
C) Hemoglobin defects 
D) Celiac disease 
E) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Question 4

Corticosteroids interfere with chemotaxis of leukocytes by _____.

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing the production of GM-CSF and IL-1 
B) inducing apoptosis 
C) inhibiting the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial vessels 
D) suppressing the activity of phospholipase A2 
E) reducing nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS)activity. 
A) decreasing the production of GM-CSF and IL-1 
B) inducing apoptosis 
C) inhibiting the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial vessels 
D) suppressing the activity of phospholipase A2 
E) reducing nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS)activity.

Question 5

Residual leukemia cells persisting in a patient after they have received chemotherapy,irradiation,and a bone-marrow transplant are sometimes eliminated by a _____ effect which involves the action of _____.(Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) graft-versus-leukemia; alloreactive T cells 
B) haploidentical; regulatory T cells 
C) acute minor histocompatibility; recipient NK cells 
D) myeloablation; mature T cells 
E) graft-versus-leukemia; alloreactive NK cells. 
A) graft-versus-leukemia; alloreactive T cells 
B) haploidentical; regulatory T cells 
C) acute minor histocompatibility; recipient NK cells 
D) myeloablation; mature T cells 
E) graft-versus-leukemia; alloreactive NK cells.

Question 6

Match between columns
                        Premises: A possible side-effect of using antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) is serum sickness.
Immunosuppressive xenogeneic antibodies can be used repeatedly for multiple episodes of transplant rejection without complication.
Daclizumab, an anti-CD3 humanized antibody, is used to treat and prevent acute rejection.
Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is a monoclonal antibody specific for T-cell surface antigens
Dosage of immunosuppressive drugs is often decreased in transplant patients to minimize toxic side-effects, but there is a risk of rejection.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of False and True is...

Question 7

A.Are the criteria for selecting suitable donors the same for liver and bone marrow transplants?
B.Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

A.No. B.Unlike bone marrow,in which a su

Question 8

When an individual receives a kidney transplant,the main concern will be to control the development of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) graft-versus-host disease 
B) transplant rejection 
C) xenorecognition 
D) allergic reactions 
E) lymphoproliferative disorders. 
A) graft-versus-host disease 
B) transplant rejection 
C) xenorecognition 
D) allergic reactions 
E) lymphoproliferative disorders.

Question 9

_____ describes the process by which transplanted pluripotent stem cells find their way to the bone marrow spaces in the bones of the body and begin to produce new blood cells.

Accepted Answer

A) Myeloablation 
B) Engraftment 
C) Relapse 
D) Graft-vesus-leukemia 
E) Chemotherapy. 
A) Myeloablation 
B) Engraftment 
C) Relapse 
D) Graft-vesus-leukemia 
E) Chemotherapy.

Question 10

The term _____ is used to describe polymorphic antigens that vary between individuals of the same species.

Accepted Answer

A) xenoantigens 
B) immunoantigens 
C) alloantigens 
D) histoantigens 
E) autoantigens. 
A) xenoantigens 
B) immunoantigens 
C) alloantigens 
D) histoantigens 
E) autoantigens.

Question 11

Autologous bone marrow transplantation used to treat cancer patients involves reinfusing a(n)_____-depleted stem-cell population into the patient after their cancer treatment has been completed.

Accepted Answer

A) mature T cell 
B) antibody 
C) tumor cell 
D) dendritic cell 
E) NK cell. 
A) mature T cell 
B) antibody 
C) tumor cell 
D) dendritic cell 
E) NK cell.

Question 12

For the patient's new immune system to function effectively in bone marrow recipients,some HLA allotypes must be shared because _____.(Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) professional antigen-presenting cells are host-derived 
B) professional antigen-presenting cells are donor-derived 
C) otherwise an autoimmune disease would develop 
D) newly generated T cells are positively selected on the recipient's thymic epithelium 
E) if all HLA molecules were mismatched,acute rejection of the grafted cells would occur. 
A) professional antigen-presenting cells are host-derived 
B) professional antigen-presenting cells are donor-derived 
C) otherwise an autoimmune disease would develop 
D) newly generated T cells are positively selected on the recipient's thymic epithelium 
E) if all HLA molecules were mismatched,acute rejection of the grafted cells would occur.

Question 13

_____ results from alloreactions mediated by donor T cells in the graft subsequent to hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.

Accepted Answer

A) Acute rejection 
B) Chronic rejection 
C) Graft-versus-host disease (GVH
D)  
D) Serum sickness 
E) Hyperacute rejection. 
A) Acute rejection 
B) Chronic rejection 
C) Graft-versus-host disease (GVH
D)  
D) Serum sickness 
E) Hyperacute rejection.

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: minor histocompatibility antigens
CD34
autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation
haploidentical transplant
graft-versus-tumor effect

Accepted Answer

The Answer of only one HLA haplotype is shared but is...

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: myeloablative therapy
transfusion effect
ischemia
mixed lymphocyte reaction
chronic rejection

Accepted Answer

The Answer of annihilation of the immune system and improved is...

Question 16

Tacrolimus causes which of the following effects? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) reduced T-cell proliferation 
B) decreased production of nitric oxide 
C) decreased production of IL-3,IL-4,GM-CSF,and TNF-$\alpha$ 
D) decreased activity of cyclo-oxygenase type 2 
E) serum sickness. 
A) reduced T-cell proliferation 
B) decreased production of nitric oxide 
C) decreased production of IL-3,IL-4,GM-CSF,and TNF-$\alpha$ 
D) decreased activity of cyclo-oxygenase type 2 
E) serum sickness.

Question 17

A.Explain why an organ transplant made between a donor of blood group AB and a recipient of blood group O will always be rejected,even if it is perfectly HLA-matched and the recipient has been given immunosuppressant drugs.What is this type of rejection called?
B.Give another example of ABO incompatibility between donor and recipient that would lead to this type of rejection.
C.What other antigen incompatibilities,other than those of blood group,are most likely to provoke this type of rejection?
D.Which pre-surgical laboratory test should be performed to prevent this type of rejection?

Accepted Answer

A.The organ would be rejected immediatel

Question 18

What is the term used to describe the condition of an individual who possesses two sets of hematopoietic cells,one derived from the individual's own bone marrow and one derived from a different source,for example,an organ transplant or blood transfusion that has not been rejected?

Accepted Answer

A) haploidentical 
B) chimeric 
C) cross-protected 
D) dimorphic 
E) mixed lymphocyte reaction. 
A) haploidentical 
B) chimeric 
C) cross-protected 
D) dimorphic 
E) mixed lymphocyte reaction.

Question 19

In general the higher the patient's panel reactive antibody (PRA),_____.

Accepted Answer

A) the higher the number of suitable transplant donors 
B) the less likely it is that a hyperacute reaction will occur 
C) the higher the risk of developing hemolytic disease of the newborn 
D) the more limited the number of suitable transplant donors 
E) the higher the risk of developing autoimmunity. 
A) the higher the number of suitable transplant donors 
B) the less likely it is that a hyperacute reaction will occur 
C) the higher the risk of developing hemolytic disease of the newborn 
D) the more limited the number of suitable transplant donors 
E) the higher the risk of developing autoimmunity.

Question 20

As the number of expressed MHC isoforms in the thymus increases beyond a certain value,the T-cell repertoire _____.

Accepted Answer

A) becomes smaller 
B) becomes more diverse 
C) is unaffected. 
A) becomes smaller 
B) becomes more diverse 
C) is unaffected.

_____ is a nitrogen mustard compound converted to a DNA-alkylating agent in the body that is used to inhibit cell proliferation after transplantation.

_____ from a bone marrow transplant facilitate alloreactive responses,causing the condition defined as acute graft-versus-host disease.

_____ is/are a disease or genetic defect that can be treated by bone marrow transplantation.(Select all that apply.)

Corticosteroids interfere with chemotaxis of leukocytes by _____.

Residual leukemia cells persisting in a patient after they have received chemotherapy,irradiation,and a bone-marrow transplant are sometimes eliminated by a _ effect which involves the action of _.(Select all that apply.)

A.Are the criteria for selecting suitable donors the same for liver and bone marrow transplants? B.Why or why not?

When an individual receives a kidney transplant,the main concern will be to control the development of _____.

_____ describes the process by which transplanted pluripotent stem cells find their way to the bone marrow spaces in the bones of the body and begin to produce new blood cells.

The term _____ is used to describe polymorphic antigens that vary between individuals of the same species.

Autologous bone marrow transplantation used to treat cancer patients involves reinfusing a(n)_____-depleted stem-cell population into the patient after their cancer treatment has been completed.

For the patient's new immune system to function effectively in bone marrow recipients,some HLA allotypes must be shared because _____.(Select all that apply.)

_____ results from alloreactions mediated by donor T cells in the graft subsequent to hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.

Tacrolimus causes which of the following effects? (Select all that apply.)

What is the term used to describe the condition of an individual who possesses two sets of hematopoietic cells,one derived from the individual's own bone marrow and one derived from a different source,for example,an organ transplant or blood transfusion that has not been rejected?

In general the higher the patient's panel reactive antibody (PRA),_____.

As the number of expressed MHC isoforms in the thymus increases beyond a certain value,the T-cell repertoire _____.

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

Exam 15: Transplantation of Tissues and Organs

_____ is a nitrogen mustard compound converted to a DNA-alkylating agent in the body that is used to inhibit cell proliferation after transplantation.

_____ from a bone marrow transplant facilitate alloreactive responses,causing the condition defined as acute graft-versus-host disease.

_____ is/are a disease or genetic defect that can be treated by bone marrow transplantation.(Select all that apply.)

Corticosteroids interfere with chemotaxis of leukocytes by _____.

Residual leukemia cells persisting in a patient after they have received chemotherapy,irradiation,and a bone-marrow transplant are sometimes eliminated by a _____ effect which involves the action of _____.(Select all that apply.)

A.Are the criteria for selecting suitable donors the same for liver and bone marrow transplants? B.Why or why not?

When an individual receives a kidney transplant,the main concern will be to control the development of _____.

_____ describes the process by which transplanted pluripotent stem cells find their way to the bone marrow spaces in the bones of the body and begin to produce new blood cells.

The term _____ is used to describe polymorphic antigens that vary between individuals of the same species.

Autologous bone marrow transplantation used to treat cancer patients involves reinfusing a(n)_____-depleted stem-cell population into the patient after their cancer treatment has been completed.

For the patient's new immune system to function effectively in bone marrow recipients,some HLA allotypes must be shared because _____.(Select all that apply.)

_____ results from alloreactions mediated by donor T cells in the graft subsequent to hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.

Tacrolimus causes which of the following effects? (Select all that apply.)

What is the term used to describe the condition of an individual who possesses two sets of hematopoietic cells,one derived from the individual's own bone marrow and one derived from a different source,for example,an organ transplant or blood transfusion that has not been rejected?

In general the higher the patient's panel reactive antibody (PRA),_____.

As the number of expressed MHC isoforms in the thymus increases beyond a certain value,the T-cell repertoire _____.

Elements of the Immune System and Their Roles in Defense

Innate Immunity: the Immediate Response to Infection

Innate Immunity: the Induced Response to Infection

Antibody Structure and the Generation of B-Cell Diversity

Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

The Development of B Lymphocytes

The Development of T Lymphocytes

T Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

Immunological Memory and Vaccination

Coevolution of Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Failures of the Bodys Defenses

Ige-Mediated Immunity and Allergy

Disruption of Healthy Tissue by the Adaptive Immune Response

Cancer and Its Interactions With the Immune System

Filters

Residual leukemia cells persisting in a patient after they have received chemotherapy,irradiation,and a bone-marrow transplant are sometimes eliminated by a _ effect which involves the action of _.(Select all that apply.)