Question 1

Ion concentration differences produce an action potential creating a signal.The difference between a weak signal and an intense signal is

Accepted Answer

A) the action potential is graduated and a weak signal causes a small change in polarity. 
B) weak stimuli only open sodium gates,strong signal also open potassium gates. 
C) the frequency at which an axon fires. 
D) a strong signal does not allow repolarization but sends a constant flow of ions. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) the action potential is graduated and a weak signal causes a small change in polarity. 
B) weak stimuli only open sodium gates,strong signal also open potassium gates. 
C) the frequency at which an axon fires. 
D) a strong signal does not allow repolarization but sends a constant flow of ions. 
E) All of the choices are correct. C

Question 2

The likely effect on a neuron of two excitatory signals and twenty inhibitory signals is

Accepted Answer

A) transmission of a nerve impulse. 
B) transmission of a nerve impulse releasing inhibitory neurotransmitters at the next synapse. 
C) prohibiting the axon from firing. 
D) confused integration. 
A) transmission of a nerve impulse. 
B) transmission of a nerve impulse releasing inhibitory neurotransmitters at the next synapse. 
C) prohibiting the axon from firing. 
D) confused integration. C

Question 3

The primary functions of the spinal cord are

Accepted Answer

A) to integrate intelligence with primal instinct and to coordinate memory. 
B) to coordinate speech,taste,smell,vision,and hearing. 
C) to serve as a center for reflex actions and to facilitate communication between the brain and spinal nerves. 
D) controlling muscle activity and maintaining balance. 
E) local control and decision-making for local anatomy. 
A) to integrate intelligence with primal instinct and to coordinate memory. 
B) to coordinate speech,taste,smell,vision,and hearing. 
C) to serve as a center for reflex actions and to facilitate communication between the brain and spinal nerves. 
D) controlling muscle activity and maintaining balance. 
E) local control and decision-making for local anatomy. C

Question 4

When a finger or other appendage is severed in an accident,it is possible to surgically rejoin most tissues (bone,skin,etc.),which will then grow and heal.However,a cut through an appendage nerve is currently very difficult to reconnect.What structures are severed when the nerves in an appendage are severed?

Accepted Answer

A) axons 
B) synapses 
C) cell bodies 
D) dendrites 
E) interneurons 
A) axons 
B) synapses 
C) cell bodies 
D) dendrites 
E) interneurons

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the cerebrum is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the largest part of the human brain. 
B) The gray matter is outermost. 
C) The right hemisphere is associated with analytical reasoning and the left hemisphere is associated with artistic and musical ability. 
D) The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum. 
E) The cerebrum coordinates the activities of the other parts of the brain. 
A) It is the largest part of the human brain. 
B) The gray matter is outermost. 
C) The right hemisphere is associated with analytical reasoning and the left hemisphere is associated with artistic and musical ability. 
D) The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum. 
E) The cerebrum coordinates the activities of the other parts of the brain.

Question 6

If a person steps on a tack their somatic system will take over and produce a reflex action.A reflex action

Accepted Answer

A) is an automatic,involuntary response. 
B) does not require the central nervous system. 
C) is normally controlled consciously. 
D) has no protective value. 
E) is only found in humans. 
A) is an automatic,involuntary response. 
B) does not require the central nervous system. 
C) is normally controlled consciously. 
D) has no protective value. 
E) is only found in humans.

Question 7

Use the word bank to identify the labeled structures pictured below: sacral nerves,lumbar nerves,brain,common fibular nerve,ulnar nerve,spinal cord,cranial nerves,thoracic nerves,cervical nerves,radial nerve,tibial nerve,median nerve,sciatic nerve   A: ________
B: ________
C: ________
D: ________
E: ________
F: ________
G: ________
H: ________
I: ________
J: ________
K: ________
L: ________
M: ________

Accepted Answer

A: brain B: cranial nerves C: cervical n

Question 8

Action potentials travel down nonmyelinated axons at ________ action potentials travel down myelinated axons.

Accepted Answer

A) slower speeds than 
B) faster speeds than 
C) the same speed 
D) variable speeds,sometimes faster and sometimes slower than 
A) slower speeds than 
B) faster speeds than 
C) the same speed 
D) variable speeds,sometimes faster and sometimes slower than

Question 9

Which of the following statements about an action potential is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Repolarization occurs when potassium leaves the axon. 
B) There is a rapid change in polarity from about -70 mV to about +35 mV during depolarization. 
C) An action potential takes 2 to 5 seconds. 
D) Depolarization occurs when sodium gates open and allow sodium ions to enter the axon. 
E) Potassium gates open after the sodium gates and allow potassium ions to leave the cell. 
A) Repolarization occurs when potassium leaves the axon. 
B) There is a rapid change in polarity from about -70 mV to about +35 mV during depolarization. 
C) An action potential takes 2 to 5 seconds. 
D) Depolarization occurs when sodium gates open and allow sodium ions to enter the axon. 
E) Potassium gates open after the sodium gates and allow potassium ions to leave the cell.

Question 10

At a synapse,

Accepted Answer

A) synaptic vesicles fuse with the postsynaptic membrane. 
B) synaptic vesicles fuse with the pre-synaptic membrane. 
C) neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft. 
D) neurotransmitters are actively transported across the synaptic cleft. 
E) synaptic vesicles fuse with the pre-synaptic membrane and neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft. 
A) synaptic vesicles fuse with the postsynaptic membrane. 
B) synaptic vesicles fuse with the pre-synaptic membrane. 
C) neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft. 
D) neurotransmitters are actively transported across the synaptic cleft. 
E) synaptic vesicles fuse with the pre-synaptic membrane and neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft.

Question 11

The sodium-potassium pump is primarily responsible for

Accepted Answer

A) the resting potential. 
B) the action potential. 
C) the excretion of salts. 
D) the contraction of muscle fibers. 
E) maintaining isotonic water balance. 
A) the resting potential. 
B) the action potential. 
C) the excretion of salts. 
D) the contraction of muscle fibers. 
E) maintaining isotonic water balance.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the brain is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The pineal gland secretes serotonin,which is involved in mood changes. 
B) The thalamus relays sensory input from lower brain areas to the cerebrum. 
C) The cerebellum functions in muscle coordination,posture,and balance. 
D) The medulla oblongata has reflex centers for vomiting,coughing,sneezing,and swallowing. 
E) The hypothalamus is concerned with homeostasis and regulation of thirst,hunger,and blood pressure. 
A) The pineal gland secretes serotonin,which is involved in mood changes. 
B) The thalamus relays sensory input from lower brain areas to the cerebrum. 
C) The cerebellum functions in muscle coordination,posture,and balance. 
D) The medulla oblongata has reflex centers for vomiting,coughing,sneezing,and swallowing. 
E) The hypothalamus is concerned with homeostasis and regulation of thirst,hunger,and blood pressure.

Question 13

Examine the picture to answer the following questions and identify the labeled structures.   A: ________
B: ________
C: ________
D: ________
E: Is the neuron pictured a sensory,association or motor neuron? What is its function?
F: Is the neuron multipolar or unipolar? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

A: axon B: cell body C: myelin sheath or

Question 14

Describe the three types of neurons found in the body and indicate their functions.

Accepted Answer

1.Sensory (afferent)neurons are responsi

Question 15

Starting with the simplest and moving towards more complex,what is the correct evolutionary sequence of animals in regards to the complexity of their nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

A) sponges - hydras - planarians - annelids - molluscs - fish 
B) sponges - planarians - hydras - annelids - molluscs - fish 
C) hydras - sponges - planarians - annelids - molluscs - fish 
D) sponges - hydras - planarians - molluscs - annelids - fish 
E) annelids - sponges - hydras - planarians - molluscs - fish 
A) sponges - hydras - planarians - annelids - molluscs - fish 
B) sponges - planarians - hydras - annelids - molluscs - fish 
C) hydras - sponges - planarians - annelids - molluscs - fish 
D) sponges - hydras - planarians - molluscs - annelids - fish 
E) annelids - sponges - hydras - planarians - molluscs - fish

Question 16

An animal with a simple netlike nervous system is the

Accepted Answer

A) earthworm. 
B) cat. 
C) hydra. 
D) octopus. 
E) planarian. 
A) earthworm. 
B) cat. 
C) hydra. 
D) octopus. 
E) planarian.

Question 17

What structure in the mammalian brain is enlarged and is responsible for higher mental processes?

Accepted Answer

A) forebrain 
B) hindbrain 
C) midbrain 
D) cerebellum 
E) cerebrum 
A) forebrain 
B) hindbrain 
C) midbrain 
D) cerebellum 
E) cerebrum

Question 18

How do cholinesterase inhibitors improve the learning and memory of people who are suffering from Alzheimer's Disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Cholinesterase inhibitors will increase the levels of acetylcholine in the brain.This will increase the neural functioning in brain regions associated with learning and memory. 
B) Cholinesterase inhibitors will decrease the levels of acetylcholine in the brain.This will increase the neural functioning in brain regions associated with learning and memory. 
C) Cholinesterase inhibitors will increase the levels of testosterone in the brain.This will increase the neural functioning in brain regions associated with learning and memory. 
D) Cholinesterase inhibitors will decrease the levels of cerebral spinal fluid in the brain.This will decrease neural pressure associated with the brain regions associated with learning and memory. 
A) Cholinesterase inhibitors will increase the levels of acetylcholine in the brain.This will increase the neural functioning in brain regions associated with learning and memory. 
B) Cholinesterase inhibitors will decrease the levels of acetylcholine in the brain.This will increase the neural functioning in brain regions associated with learning and memory. 
C) Cholinesterase inhibitors will increase the levels of testosterone in the brain.This will increase the neural functioning in brain regions associated with learning and memory. 
D) Cholinesterase inhibitors will decrease the levels of cerebral spinal fluid in the brain.This will decrease neural pressure associated with the brain regions associated with learning and memory.

Question 19

What portion of the brain provides reasoning to keep us from acting out strong feelings?

Accepted Answer

A) brain stem 
B) pineal gland 
C) reticular activating system 
D) limbic system 
A) brain stem 
B) pineal gland 
C) reticular activating system 
D) limbic system

Question 20

What structure of the spinal cord carries motor impulses from the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) ventral root 
B) dorsal root 
C) dorsal root ganglion 
D) dorsal horn 
A) ventral root 
B) dorsal root 
C) dorsal root ganglion 
D) dorsal horn

Exam 37: Neurons and Nervous Systems

Ion concentration differences produce an action potential creating a signal.The difference between a weak signal and an intense signal is

The likely effect on a neuron of two excitatory signals and twenty inhibitory signals is

The primary functions of the spinal cord are

Which of the following statements about the cerebrum is NOT true?

If a person steps on a tack their somatic system will take over and produce a reflex action.A reflex action

Action potentials travel down nonmyelinated axons at ________ action potentials travel down myelinated axons.

Which of the following statements about an action potential is NOT true?

At a synapse,

The sodium-potassium pump is primarily responsible for

Which of the following statements about the brain is NOT correct?

Examine the picture to answer the following questions and identify the labeled structures. A: ________ B: ________ C: ________ D: ________ E: Is the neuron pictured a sensory,association or motor neuron? What is its function? F: Is the neuron multipolar or unipolar? Explain your answer.

Describe the three types of neurons found in the body and indicate their functions.

Starting with the simplest and moving towards more complex,what is the correct evolutionary sequence of animals in regards to the complexity of their nervous systems?

An animal with a simple netlike nervous system is the

What structure in the mammalian brain is enlarged and is responsible for higher mental processes?

How do cholinesterase inhibitors improve the learning and memory of people who are suffering from Alzheimer's Disease?

What portion of the brain provides reasoning to keep us from acting out strong feelings?

What structure of the spinal cord carries motor impulses from the brain?

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Examine the picture to answer the following questions and identify the labeled structures. A: B: C: D: E: Is the neuron pictured a sensory,association or motor neuron? What is its function? F: Is the neuron multipolar or unipolar? Explain your answer.