Question 1

The removal of the anterior pituitary gland would result in all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in the body's ability to lower blood calcium levels. 
B) a decrease in the ability to stimulate the adrenal cortex. 
C) milk production. 
D) production of the sex hormones. 
A) a decrease in the body's ability to lower blood calcium levels. 
B) a decrease in the ability to stimulate the adrenal cortex. 
C) milk production. 
D) production of the sex hormones. A

Question 2

Which of the following statements about non-steroid (peptide)hormones is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Peptide hormones are derived from peptides,proteins,polypeptides,and derivatives of amino acids. 
B) Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface. 
C) Peptide hormones stimulate the formation cyclic AMP inside the cell. 
D) Peptide hormones must enter the cell in order to have an effect. 
E) Peptide hormones create an enzyme cascade effect. 
A) Peptide hormones are derived from peptides,proteins,polypeptides,and derivatives of amino acids. 
B) Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface. 
C) Peptide hormones stimulate the formation cyclic AMP inside the cell. 
D) Peptide hormones must enter the cell in order to have an effect. 
E) Peptide hormones create an enzyme cascade effect. D

Question 3

The same hormone has considerably different effects in different species.The hormone thyroxine in humans stimulates metabolism,but in frogs it induces metamorphosis from tadpole to adult frog.This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) the target tissues have evolved different responses. 
B) metamorphosis is caused by a change in body metabolism. 
C) the organisms have absolutely no evolutionary relationship. 
D) the chemical composition of the hormone is actually slightly different. 
E) the origin of the hormone makes a difference in the effect the hormone has on target tissues. 
A) the target tissues have evolved different responses. 
B) metamorphosis is caused by a change in body metabolism. 
C) the organisms have absolutely no evolutionary relationship. 
D) the chemical composition of the hormone is actually slightly different. 
E) the origin of the hormone makes a difference in the effect the hormone has on target tissues. A

Question 4

The pituitary gland controls the hypothalamus by the production of antidiuretic hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Type I diabetes is much more common than type II. 
B) Obesity can cause diabetes because adipose tissue produces a substance that impairs insulin receptor function. 
C) Type I diabetes occurs as a result of destruction of the insulin-producing cells. 
D) One method of treating type II diabetes is exercise and a low-fat,low-sugar diet. 
E) Symptoms of diabetes include excessive thirst,frequent urination,and glucose in the urine. 
A) Type I diabetes is much more common than type II. 
B) Obesity can cause diabetes because adipose tissue produces a substance that impairs insulin receptor function. 
C) Type I diabetes occurs as a result of destruction of the insulin-producing cells. 
D) One method of treating type II diabetes is exercise and a low-fat,low-sugar diet. 
E) Symptoms of diabetes include excessive thirst,frequent urination,and glucose in the urine.

Question 6

What hormone stimulates the production of cortisol?

Accepted Answer

A) growth hormone 
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone 
C) gonadotropic hormone 
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone 
E) antidiuretic hormone 
A) growth hormone 
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone 
C) gonadotropic hormone 
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone 
E) antidiuretic hormone

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

A) pituitary 
B) hypothalamus 
C) thymus 
D) testes 
E) All are endocrine glands. 
A) pituitary 
B) hypothalamus 
C) thymus 
D) testes 
E) All are endocrine glands.

Question 8

Uncommonly large feet,hands,chin,nose,and eyebrow ridges on a normal-sized body are characteristic of the condition ________,that is caused by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Cushing's syndrome; adrenal cortex hormones 
B) Addison's disease; atrial natriuretic hormone 
C) gigantism; overproduction of growth hormone in children 
D) pituitary dwarfism; hyposecretion of growth hormone in children 
E) acromegaly; overproduction of growth hormone in adults 
A) Cushing's syndrome; adrenal cortex hormones 
B) Addison's disease; atrial natriuretic hormone 
C) gigantism; overproduction of growth hormone in children 
D) pituitary dwarfism; hyposecretion of growth hormone in children 
E) acromegaly; overproduction of growth hormone in adults

Question 9

Removal of the anterior pituitary would result in a decrease in the following functions:

Accepted Answer

A) production of eggs and sperm,stimulation of the thyroid,cell division and production of glucocorticoids 
B) production of eggs and sperm,control of the circadian rhythm,cell division and production of glucocorticoids 
C) melatonin levels,stimulation of the thyroid,cell division and production of glucocorticoids 
D) production of eggs and sperm,stimulation of the thyroid,maturation of T lymphocytes and production of glucocorticoids 
A) production of eggs and sperm,stimulation of the thyroid,cell division and production of glucocorticoids 
B) production of eggs and sperm,control of the circadian rhythm,cell division and production of glucocorticoids 
C) melatonin levels,stimulation of the thyroid,cell division and production of glucocorticoids 
D) production of eggs and sperm,stimulation of the thyroid,maturation of T lymphocytes and production of glucocorticoids

Question 10

Which is an example of negative feedback?

Accepted Answer

A) Nursing action stimulates the hypothalamus to release oxytocin that triggers mammary gland milk production. 
B) When the blood becomes dilute,ADH is no longer released from the hypothalamus. 
C) Uterine stretching sends nerve impulses to the hypothalamus that releases oxytocin that stimulates uterine contraction. 
D) FSH and LH stimulate the gonads to produce sperm or eggs. 
E) TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone. 
A) Nursing action stimulates the hypothalamus to release oxytocin that triggers mammary gland milk production. 
B) When the blood becomes dilute,ADH is no longer released from the hypothalamus. 
C) Uterine stretching sends nerve impulses to the hypothalamus that releases oxytocin that stimulates uterine contraction. 
D) FSH and LH stimulate the gonads to produce sperm or eggs. 
E) TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Question 11

The effects of hyposecretion and hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones result in

Accepted Answer

A) exactly the same symptoms due to failure to have correct hormone levels. 
B) exactly opposite symptoms: too much versus too little melanin,thin versus heavy,etc. 
C) masculinization of women and feminization of men. 
D) various mild symptoms that are not life threatening. 
E) opposite effects on kidney functions and therefore blood pressure,but varying effects on other target tissues. 
A) exactly the same symptoms due to failure to have correct hormone levels. 
B) exactly opposite symptoms: too much versus too little melanin,thin versus heavy,etc. 
C) masculinization of women and feminization of men. 
D) various mild symptoms that are not life threatening. 
E) opposite effects on kidney functions and therefore blood pressure,but varying effects on other target tissues.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about hormones is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Non-steroid hormones activate an enzyme cascade. 
B) Steroid hormones regulate the production of a particular protein. 
C) Non-steroid hormones are either modified amino acids,peptides,proteins,or glycoproteins. 
D) Steroid hormones all have four carbon rings with different side chains. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Non-steroid hormones activate an enzyme cascade. 
B) Steroid hormones regulate the production of a particular protein. 
C) Non-steroid hormones are either modified amino acids,peptides,proteins,or glycoproteins. 
D) Steroid hormones all have four carbon rings with different side chains. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Which of the following endocrine glands does NOT produce its own hormones,but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A) thyroid 
B) adrenal cortex 
C) adrenal medulla 
D) posterior pituitary 
E) anterior pituitary 
A) thyroid 
B) adrenal cortex 
C) adrenal medulla 
D) posterior pituitary 
E) anterior pituitary

Question 14

The part of the brain that controls the anterior pituitary gland secretions is the

Accepted Answer

A) medulla. 
B) thalamus. 
C) cerebral cortex. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) cerebellum. 
A) medulla. 
B) thalamus. 
C) cerebral cortex. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) cerebellum.

Question 15

The graph pictured below depicts blood glucose changes after eating a meal.The pink line,drawn with square symbols,represents normal variations in glucose levels after a meal.The black line,drawn with diamond symbols,represents levels seen in diabetes mellitus.Differentiate between the normal and abnormal blood glucose levels after a meal and briefly explain the reason for the abnormality.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary.In the healthy person,b

Question 16

The level of sodium in the blood is regulated by the secretion of the mineralocorticoid

Accepted Answer

A) oxytocin. 
B) insulin. 
C) cortisol. 
D) aldosterone. 
E) ACTH. 
A) oxytocin. 
B) insulin. 
C) cortisol. 
D) aldosterone. 
E) ACTH.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A) influences the blood pressure 
B) regulates appetite 
C) controls body temperature 
D) balances the water balance in the body 
E) All are functions of the hypothalamus. 
A) influences the blood pressure 
B) regulates appetite 
C) controls body temperature 
D) balances the water balance in the body 
E) All are functions of the hypothalamus.

Question 18

Explain why a person will develop a simple goiter if he or she has an insufficient amount of salt in the diet.

Accepted Answer

Most salt used today contains iodine.Iod

Question 19

What is the mode of action of hormones?

Accepted Answer

A) Peptide hormones bind to cell-surface receptors and result in the activation of enzymes. 
B) Steroid hormones enter the cell,usually bind to receptors in the nucleus and result in the activation of certain genes. 
C) Hormones are actually precursors or raw materials that are naturally converted to end products by the correct target cell. 
D) Hormones are chunks of DNA that are sent out to be incorporated into target cells and become activated to produce hormone products. 
E) Peptide hormones bind to cell-surface receptors and result in the activation of enzymes,while steroid hormones enter the cell,usually bind to receptors in the nucleus and result in the activation of certain genes. 
A) Peptide hormones bind to cell-surface receptors and result in the activation of enzymes. 
B) Steroid hormones enter the cell,usually bind to receptors in the nucleus and result in the activation of certain genes. 
C) Hormones are actually precursors or raw materials that are naturally converted to end products by the correct target cell. 
D) Hormones are chunks of DNA that are sent out to be incorporated into target cells and become activated to produce hormone products. 
E) Peptide hormones bind to cell-surface receptors and result in the activation of enzymes,while steroid hormones enter the cell,usually bind to receptors in the nucleus and result in the activation of certain genes.

Question 20

What is the cascade of events that leads to the stress response of the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus produces ACTH-releasing hormone - anterior pituitary is stimulated to produce ACTH - adrenal cortex stimulated to produce glucocorticoids (regulate metabolism and sugar level) 
B) hypothalamus produces ACTH-releasing hormone - anterior pituitary is stimulated to produce ACTH - adrenal cortex secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (regulate metabolism and sugar level) 
C) anterior pituitary produces ACTH - hypothalamus releases ACTH-releasing hormone - adrenal cortex hormones then produced 
D) adrenal cortex secretes hormones - anterior pituitary secretes ACTH - hypothalamus secretes ACTH-releasing hormone 
E) adrenal cortex secretes hormones - hypothalamus secretes ACTH-releasing hormone - anterior pituitary releases ACTH 
A) hypothalamus produces ACTH-releasing hormone - anterior pituitary is stimulated to produce ACTH - adrenal cortex stimulated to produce glucocorticoids (regulate metabolism and sugar level) 
B) hypothalamus produces ACTH-releasing hormone - anterior pituitary is stimulated to produce ACTH - adrenal cortex secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (regulate metabolism and sugar level) 
C) anterior pituitary produces ACTH - hypothalamus releases ACTH-releasing hormone - adrenal cortex hormones then produced 
D) adrenal cortex secretes hormones - anterior pituitary secretes ACTH - hypothalamus secretes ACTH-releasing hormone 
E) adrenal cortex secretes hormones - hypothalamus secretes ACTH-releasing hormone - anterior pituitary releases ACTH

Exam 40: Hormones and Endocrine Systems

The removal of the anterior pituitary gland would result in all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following statements about non-steroid (peptide)hormones is NOT true?

The same hormone has considerably different effects in different species.The hormone thyroxine in humans stimulates metabolism,but in frogs it induces metamorphosis from tadpole to adult frog.This indicates that

The pituitary gland controls the hypothalamus by the production of antidiuretic hormones.

Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus is NOT true?

What hormone stimulates the production of cortisol?

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland?

Uncommonly large feet,hands,chin,nose,and eyebrow ridges on a normal-sized body are characteristic of the condition ________,that is caused by ________.

Removal of the anterior pituitary would result in a decrease in the following functions:

Which is an example of negative feedback?

The effects of hyposecretion and hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones result in

Which of the following statements about hormones is correct?

Which of the following endocrine glands does NOT produce its own hormones,but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

The part of the brain that controls the anterior pituitary gland secretions is the

The level of sodium in the blood is regulated by the secretion of the mineralocorticoid

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Explain why a person will develop a simple goiter if he or she has an insufficient amount of salt in the diet.

What is the mode of action of hormones?

What is the cascade of events that leads to the stress response of the adrenal glands?

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