Question 1

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that chloroplasts evolved from cyanobacteria.What features of cyanobacteria support this premise?

Accepted Answer

There are many similarities between cyanobacteria and eukaryotic chloroplasts.Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic.Chloroplasts are the membrane-bound organelles in some eukaryotes where photosynthesis takes place.Chloroplasts have an outer and an inner membrane.The inner membrane,or thylakoid membrane,forms stacks of thylakoid discs called grana,where part of eukaryotic photosynthesis takes place.Cyanobacteria also have a system of inner membranes called thylakoids where photosynthesis takes place.Chloroplasts contain a single,circular piece of DNA in the stroma,and the genome of a cyanobacterium is a single,circular chromosome.These and other characteristics support the endosymbiotic theory.

Question 2

Like most eukaryotic animal cells,bacterial cells are diploid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Which enzyme enables a retrovirus to convert its RNA genome into DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA helicase 
B) reverse transcriptase 
C) DNA ligase 
D) reverse helicase 
A) DNA helicase 
B) reverse transcriptase 
C) DNA ligase 
D) reverse helicase B

Question 4

Some enveloped animal viruses enter a host cell by

Accepted Answer

A) injecting their DNA or RNA into the host cell. 
B) fusion of their envelope with the host cell's plasma envelope. 
C) endocytosis. 
D) All of the above. 
E) Both B and C. 
A) injecting their DNA or RNA into the host cell. 
B) fusion of their envelope with the host cell's plasma envelope. 
C) endocytosis. 
D) All of the above. 
E) Both B and C.

Question 5

Which of the following characteristics about saprotrophs is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) They are viruses that infect plant and fungal cells. 
B) They are bacteria that decompose large organic molecules. 
C) Saprotrophs are also called decomposers. 
D) They are ecologically important in recycling matter. 
A) They are viruses that infect plant and fungal cells. 
B) They are bacteria that decompose large organic molecules. 
C) Saprotrophs are also called decomposers. 
D) They are ecologically important in recycling matter.

Question 6

Explain the biochemical features that are unique to archaea.

Accepted Answer

The archaea have a variety of unique fea

Question 7

What are the two prokaryotic domains?

Accepted Answer

A) Archaea & Bacteria 
B) Eukarya & Bacteria 
C) Archaea & Eukarya 
D) Protista & Archaea 
A) Archaea & Bacteria 
B) Eukarya & Bacteria 
C) Archaea & Eukarya 
D) Protista & Archaea

Question 8

When conditions are unfavorable,some bacteria form

Accepted Answer

A) pili. 
B) endospores. 
C) galls. 
D) capsules. 
E) thylakoids. 
A) pili. 
B) endospores. 
C) galls. 
D) capsules. 
E) thylakoids.

Question 9

You are analyzing some material gathered from a bacterial cell.You find it tests positive for both polysaccharides and amino acids.What part of the bacterial cell did this sample come from?

Accepted Answer

A) cell wall 
B) S-layer 
C) glycocalyx 
D) nucleoid 
E) cell membrane 
A) cell wall 
B) S-layer 
C) glycocalyx 
D) nucleoid 
E) cell membrane

Question 10

Short,bristlelike fibers extending from the surface of a prokaryote are known as

Accepted Answer

A) flagella. 
B) cilia. 
C) fimbriae. 
D) villi. 
A) flagella. 
B) cilia. 
C) fimbriae. 
D) villi.

Question 11

Study the life cycle diagram.Label A is the ________ life cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) lysogenic 
B) sexual 
C) lytic 
D) alternation of generations 
A) lysogenic 
B) sexual 
C) lytic 
D) alternation of generations

Question 12

Compare and contrast the lytic and lysogenic cycles.Explain why a virus that follows the lytic cycle is often considered easier to manage.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary.Lytic viruses are ones

Question 13

The innermost portion of a virus's structure is made up of

Accepted Answer

A) a membranous envelope. 
B) either DNA or RNA. 
C) both DNA and RNA. 
D) a protein capsid. 
E) microtubules. 
A) a membranous envelope. 
B) either DNA or RNA. 
C) both DNA and RNA. 
D) a protein capsid. 
E) microtubules.

Question 14

Which statement is NOT true about retroviruses?

Accepted Answer

A) HIV is a retrovirus. 
B) They contain an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. 
C) They incorporate themselves into the host cell genome,but replicate independently of the host DNA. 
D) cDNA is used as a template to transcribe double-stranded DNA. 
A) HIV is a retrovirus. 
B) They contain an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. 
C) They incorporate themselves into the host cell genome,but replicate independently of the host DNA. 
D) cDNA is used as a template to transcribe double-stranded DNA.

Question 15

Some,but not all,virus capsids are surrounded by

Accepted Answer

A) a membranous envelope. 
B) both DNA and RNA. 
C) either DNA or RNA. 
D) a protein capsid. 
E) a protein spore coat. 
A) a membranous envelope. 
B) both DNA and RNA. 
C) either DNA or RNA. 
D) a protein capsid. 
E) a protein spore coat.

Question 16

Imagine a researcher is trying to genetically engineer this virus so it attacks the lung cells of a human in order to "infect" the host with a particular gene to cure a genetic disorder.Explain which structure the researcher would be most interested in working with in order to get the virus to attack the lung cell of a human.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary but should discuss that

Question 17

Ivanowsky first recognized that something smaller than a bacterium,called a filterable virus,was able to cause disease in the year

Accepted Answer

A) 1965. 
B) 2001. 
C) 1892. 
D) 1700. 
E) 1650. 
A) 1965. 
B) 2001. 
C) 1892. 
D) 1700. 
E) 1650.

Question 18

Binary fission is a form of sexual reproduction in which the daughter cells have a different genetic combination than the parent cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Halophiles

Accepted Answer

A) require a high salt environment. 
B) increase the chloride level within their cells. 
C) may be chemoheterotrophs or photosynthetic. 
D) use bacteriorhodopsin to capture solar energy. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) require a high salt environment. 
B) increase the chloride level within their cells. 
C) may be chemoheterotrophs or photosynthetic. 
D) use bacteriorhodopsin to capture solar energy. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

A facultative anaerobe is an organism that can metabolize effectively in the presence or absence of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that chloroplasts evolved from cyanobacteria.What features of cyanobacteria support this premise?

Like most eukaryotic animal cells,bacterial cells are diploid.

Which enzyme enables a retrovirus to convert its RNA genome into DNA?

Some enveloped animal viruses enter a host cell by

Which of the following characteristics about saprotrophs is NOT true?

Explain the biochemical features that are unique to archaea.

What are the two prokaryotic domains?

When conditions are unfavorable,some bacteria form

You are analyzing some material gathered from a bacterial cell.You find it tests positive for both polysaccharides and amino acids.What part of the bacterial cell did this sample come from?

Short,bristlelike fibers extending from the surface of a prokaryote are known as

Study the life cycle diagram.Label A is the ________ life cycle.

Compare and contrast the lytic and lysogenic cycles.Explain why a virus that follows the lytic cycle is often considered easier to manage.

The innermost portion of a virus's structure is made up of

Which statement is NOT true about retroviruses?

Some,but not all,virus capsids are surrounded by

Ivanowsky first recognized that something smaller than a bacterium,called a filterable virus,was able to cause disease in the year

Binary fission is a form of sexual reproduction in which the daughter cells have a different genetic combination than the parent cell.

Halophiles

A facultative anaerobe is an organism that can metabolize effectively in the presence or absence of oxygen.

A View of Life

Basic Chemistry

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

How Populations Evolve

Speciation and Macroevolution

Origin and History of Life

Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development and Aging

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

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