Question 1

Study the graph shown here.The letter "B" depicts the ________,while "C" depicts ________.

Accepted Answer

A) energy of activation; energy of the product 
B) energy of the product; energy of activation 
C) energy of the reactant; energy of the product 
D) reactant concentration; activation energy 
A) energy of activation; energy of the product 
B) energy of the product; energy of activation 
C) energy of the reactant; energy of the product 
D) reactant concentration; activation energy C

Question 2

Which of the following substrates is essential to an organism that utilizes photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) 6H2O 
B) C6H12O6 
C) 6O2 
D) 6 carbon atoms 
A) 6H2O 
B) C6H12O6 
C) 6O2 
D) 6 carbon atoms A

Question 3

What are the end products of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose and oxygen 
B) glucose and ATP 
C) carbon dioxide and energy 
D) carbon dioxide and water 
E) oxygen and NADP+ 
A) glucose and oxygen 
B) glucose and ATP 
C) carbon dioxide and energy 
D) carbon dioxide and water 
E) oxygen and NADP+ A

Question 4

A coenzyme is

Accepted Answer

A) an inorganic ion that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work. 
B) a protein-based organic molecule that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work. 
C) a nonprotein organic molecule that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work. 
D) an inorganic ion that interacts with an enzyme to inhibit it. 
A) an inorganic ion that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work. 
B) a protein-based organic molecule that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work. 
C) a nonprotein organic molecule that interacts with an enzyme to allow it to work. 
D) an inorganic ion that interacts with an enzyme to inhibit it.

Question 5

Which of the following substrates are required for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose and oxygen 
B) glucose and carbon dioxide 
C) sunlight and oxygen 
D) sunlight and glucose 
E) oxygen and carbon dioxide 
A) glucose and oxygen 
B) glucose and carbon dioxide 
C) sunlight and oxygen 
D) sunlight and glucose 
E) oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 6

B → C is

Accepted Answer

A) exergonic. 
B) endergonic. 
C) No answer choice is correct. 
A) exergonic. 
B) endergonic. 
C) No answer choice is correct.

Question 7

Which statement is NOT true about how various conditions will affect the activity of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) Higher temperatures generally increase the activity of an enzyme up to a point. 
B) Above a certain range of temperatures,the protein of an enzyme is denatured. 
C) A change in pH can cause an enzyme to be inactivated. 
D) An enzyme's activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration. 
E) When sufficient substrate is available,the active site will nearly always be occupied. 
A) Higher temperatures generally increase the activity of an enzyme up to a point. 
B) Above a certain range of temperatures,the protein of an enzyme is denatured. 
C) A change in pH can cause an enzyme to be inactivated. 
D) An enzyme's activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration. 
E) When sufficient substrate is available,the active site will nearly always be occupied.

Question 8

Which best describes the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A) Energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change into matter. 
B) Energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change from one energy form to another. 
C) Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. 
D) Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs. 
E) Energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another. 
A) Energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change into matter. 
B) Energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change from one energy form to another. 
C) Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. 
D) Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs. 
E) Energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another.

Question 9

If there are twelve different intermediate products produced in the stages of a metabolic pathway within a cell,we can expect that there

Accepted Answer

A) is one enzyme that carries this process through to the end product. 
B) is one enzyme for degradation and another enzyme for synthesis. 
C) may not be any enzymes involved if this is a natural cell product. 
D) must be twelve different raw materials combined in the cell by one enzyme. 
E) are about twelve enzymes,at least one responsible for each step in the metabolic pathway. 
A) is one enzyme that carries this process through to the end product. 
B) is one enzyme for degradation and another enzyme for synthesis. 
C) may not be any enzymes involved if this is a natural cell product. 
D) must be twelve different raw materials combined in the cell by one enzyme. 
E) are about twelve enzymes,at least one responsible for each step in the metabolic pathway.

Question 10

In this pathway,B $\rightarrow$ C is coupled with ADP $\rightarrow$ ATP.Categorize the reactions as endergonic or exergonic. A ? B ? C ? D ? E

Accepted Answer

A) B $\rightarrow$ C is endergonic and ADP
$\rightarrow$ ATP is exergonic. 
B) ADP $\rightarrow$ ATP is endergonic and B
$\rightarrow$ C is exergonic. 
C) Both B $\rightarrow$ C and ADP
$\rightarrow$ ATP are endergonic. 
D) Both B $\rightarrow$ C and ADP
$\rightarrow$ ATP are exergonic. 
A) B $\rightarrow$ C is endergonic and ADP
$\rightarrow$ ATP is exergonic. 
B) ADP $\rightarrow$ ATP is endergonic and B
$\rightarrow$ C is exergonic. 
C) Both B $\rightarrow$ C and ADP
$\rightarrow$ ATP are endergonic. 
D) Both B $\rightarrow$ C and ADP
$\rightarrow$ ATP are exergonic.

Question 11

The activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in substrate concentration. 
B) a vitamin. 
C) a two to four degree increase in temperature. 
D) the presence of other enzymes. 
A) an increase in substrate concentration. 
B) a vitamin. 
C) a two to four degree increase in temperature. 
D) the presence of other enzymes.

Question 12

Enzyme inhibition is the process that turns off an enzyme in a metabolic pathway.One way this can happen is for the end product of the pathway to act as an inhibitor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is consistent with the laws of thermodynamics' governing energy?

Accepted Answer

A) When a liter of gasoline is burned in a car engine,100% of its energy goes into moving the car along the road. 
B) You eat a "quarter-pounder" hamburger and assemble exactly a quarter-pound of additional body weight on your body. 
C) Eventually sunlight that is absorbed on the earth returns to space as dispersed heat. 
D) A calorie of sunlight becomes a calorie of plant tissue that,eaten by you,becomes a calorie of heat lost in muscle "power." 
E) Chemical bonds are a case of converting energy to matter; breaking the bonds converts matter to energy. 
A) When a liter of gasoline is burned in a car engine,100% of its energy goes into moving the car along the road. 
B) You eat a "quarter-pounder" hamburger and assemble exactly a quarter-pound of additional body weight on your body. 
C) Eventually sunlight that is absorbed on the earth returns to space as dispersed heat. 
D) A calorie of sunlight becomes a calorie of plant tissue that,eaten by you,becomes a calorie of heat lost in muscle "power." 
E) Chemical bonds are a case of converting energy to matter; breaking the bonds converts matter to energy.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a form of potential energy?

Accepted Answer

A) food 
B) water in a dam 
C) a muscle contracting 
D) All of the above. 
A) food 
B) water in a dam 
C) a muscle contracting 
D) All of the above.

Question 15

While science is not yet able to describe the phenomenon of "thinking" in physical terms,we can be certain that it is a process involving the metabolism of brain cells.With positron emission tomography (PET scan)it is possible to inject short-lived isotopes and image the regions of the brain that have the most active metabolism during various mental activities.For different mental functions,different regions and amounts of nerve cells become active.However,

Accepted Answer

A) the cellular energy expended in "thinking" must be less than the chemical bond energy supplied in food to these brain cells. 
B) "thought" cannot be linked to cell processes because energy is not related to matter. 
C) since thoughts can occur over and over,the requirement for a continual input of energy to prevent entropy does not apply to this cell activity. 
D) "thinking" is beyond the scope of science to study. 
A) the cellular energy expended in "thinking" must be less than the chemical bond energy supplied in food to these brain cells. 
B) "thought" cannot be linked to cell processes because energy is not related to matter. 
C) since thoughts can occur over and over,the requirement for a continual input of energy to prevent entropy does not apply to this cell activity. 
D) "thinking" is beyond the scope of science to study.

Question 16

Explain how,at a glance,it appears that life must violate the laws of thermodynamics.Provide a brief explanation on how life does NOT violate these rules.

Accepted Answer

The first law of thermodynamics is at wo

Question 17

Which statement describes the currently accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together?

Accepted Answer

A) When the product binds to the enzyme,the substrate changes shape to accommodate the reaction. 
B) The enzyme is like a key that fits into the substrate,which is like a lock. 
C) The active site is permanently changed by its interaction with the substrate. 
D) As the substrate binds to the enzyme,the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction. 
A) When the product binds to the enzyme,the substrate changes shape to accommodate the reaction. 
B) The enzyme is like a key that fits into the substrate,which is like a lock. 
C) The active site is permanently changed by its interaction with the substrate. 
D) As the substrate binds to the enzyme,the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction.

Question 18

Energy coupling of endergonic and exergonic reactions within cells

Accepted Answer

A) permits energetically favorable and unfavorable reactions to occur in the same place,at the same time. 
B) uses energy released by one reaction to fuel the other reaction. 
C) utilizes ATP to carry energy between the energetically favorable and unfavorable reactions. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) permits energetically favorable and unfavorable reactions to occur in the same place,at the same time. 
B) uses energy released by one reaction to fuel the other reaction. 
C) utilizes ATP to carry energy between the energetically favorable and unfavorable reactions. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Which substrate is missing: 6CO2 + ________ + energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 ?

Accepted Answer

A) 6H2O 
B) 4H2O 
C) 4O2 
D) glucose 
A) 6H2O 
B) 4H2O 
C) 4O2 
D) glucose

Question 20

Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A) Energy can be created or destroyed and it cannot be changed from one form of energy to another. 
B) Energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change from one energy form to another. 
C) Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. 
D) Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs. 
E) Energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another. 
A) Energy can be created or destroyed and it cannot be changed from one form of energy to another. 
B) Energy is not created nor destroyed,but it can change from one energy form to another. 
C) Energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. 
D) Some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs. 
E) Energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another.

Exam 6: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Study the graph shown here.The letter "B" depicts the ________,while "C" depicts ________.

Which of the following substrates is essential to an organism that utilizes photosynthesis?

What are the end products of photosynthesis?

A coenzyme is

Which of the following substrates are required for cellular respiration?

B → C is

Which statement is NOT true about how various conditions will affect the activity of an enzyme?

Which best describes the second law of thermodynamics?

If there are twelve different intermediate products produced in the stages of a metabolic pathway within a cell,we can expect that there

In this pathway,B →\rightarrow→ C is coupled with ADP →\rightarrow→ ATP.Categorize the reactions as endergonic or exergonic. A ? B ? C ? D ? E

The activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except

Enzyme inhibition is the process that turns off an enzyme in a metabolic pathway.One way this can happen is for the end product of the pathway to act as an inhibitor.

Which of the following is consistent with the laws of thermodynamics' governing energy?

Which of the following is NOT a form of potential energy?

Explain how,at a glance,it appears that life must violate the laws of thermodynamics.Provide a brief explanation on how life does NOT violate these rules.

Which statement describes the currently accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together?

Energy coupling of endergonic and exergonic reactions within cells

Which substrate is missing: 6CO2 + ________ + energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 ?

Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

A View of Life

Basic Chemistry

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

How Populations Evolve

Speciation and Macroevolution

Origin and History of Life

Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development and Aging

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

Study the graph shown here.The letter "B" depicts the ,while "C" depicts .

In this pathway,B $\rightarrow$ C is coupled with ADP $\rightarrow$ ATP.Categorize the reactions as endergonic or exergonic. A ? B ? C ? D ? E

Which substrate is missing: 6CO₂ + ________ + energy = C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂?