Question 1

Which of the following features would be used to construct a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

A) homologous structures 
B) fossil record data 
C) mtDNA sequences 
D) amino acid sequences 
E) All of the answer choices are correct. 
A) homologous structures 
B) fossil record data 
C) mtDNA sequences 
D) amino acid sequences 
E) All of the answer choices are correct. E

Question 2

Hair is a character shared by all mammals,but not found in their ancestral lineage.Hair is therefore considered to be a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) clade. 
B) shared ancestral character (trait). 
C) shared derived character (trait). 
D) analogous structure. 
A) clade. 
B) shared ancestral character (trait). 
C) shared derived character (trait). 
D) analogous structure. C

Question 3

Cladists feel that a cladogram is a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a group.Using what you have learned about scientific hypotheses,support this view of a cladogram.

Accepted Answer

A cladogram is similar to a hypothesis in many ways.Both are based on observation or available data,and both are objectively tested.A hypothesis and a cladogram may be corroborated or rejected on the basis of additional data collected during testing.The reliability of accepting or rejecting hypotheses and cladograms is dependent on the knowledge and skill of the investigator.

Question 4

Which of the following are the three domains proposed in Woese's classification system?

Accepted Answer

A) Monera,Archaea,and Bacteria 
B) Fungi,Monera,and Archaea 
C) Archaea,Bacteria and Eukarya 
D) Protista,Fungi,and Eukarya 
A) Monera,Archaea,and Bacteria 
B) Fungi,Monera,and Archaea 
C) Archaea,Bacteria and Eukarya 
D) Protista,Fungi,and Eukarya

Question 5

Which type of trait is more valuable in determining the evolutionary relationship between two organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) derived 
B) ancestral 
C) Both traits are equally valuable in determining the evolutionary relationship between two organisms. 
D) Neither trait is useful in determining the evolutionary relationship between two organisms. 
A) derived 
B) ancestral 
C) Both traits are equally valuable in determining the evolutionary relationship between two organisms. 
D) Neither trait is useful in determining the evolutionary relationship between two organisms.

Question 6

Nonscientists often use the words "name," "identify," and "classify" interchangeably.When they want to know what an organism is,they may ask "Can you name this?" or "Can you identify this?" or "Can you classify this?" Which of the following is/are correct usage(s)of the term(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) Only the scientist who first describes a new species actually names it. 
B) Classifying is grouping,and to classify something requires several organisms so you can group one as closer to a second and distant from a third. 
C) A farmer using a key to detect pest insect species in his fields is identifying insects but not naming or necessarily classifying them. 
D) A scientist who publishes the name and description of a new species must necessarily also know both how to identify and classify the species. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Only the scientist who first describes a new species actually names it. 
B) Classifying is grouping,and to classify something requires several organisms so you can group one as closer to a second and distant from a third. 
C) A farmer using a key to detect pest insect species in his fields is identifying insects but not naming or necessarily classifying them. 
D) A scientist who publishes the name and description of a new species must necessarily also know both how to identify and classify the species. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following are ways in which scientific names are derived? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Scientific names can be descriptive. 
B) Scientific names are often based on an organism's common name. 
C) Scientific names can include geographic descriptions. 
D) Scientific names can be derived from the name of a person. 
E) Scientific names can be based on mythical characters. 
A) Scientific names can be descriptive. 
B) Scientific names are often based on an organism's common name. 
C) Scientific names can include geographic descriptions. 
D) Scientific names can be derived from the name of a person. 
E) Scientific names can be based on mythical characters.

Question 8

When comparing archaea with bacteria,

Accepted Answer

A) both archaea and bacteria are easily cultured and studied in the laboratory. 
B) the chemical nature of the cell wall of archaea and bacteria is identical and shows their early relationship. 
C) bacteria are not very diverse and are limited in distribution,while archaea are far more diverse and found everywhere. 
D) the archaea and bacteria are both derived from early eukarya. 
E) None of the choices are true. 
A) both archaea and bacteria are easily cultured and studied in the laboratory. 
B) the chemical nature of the cell wall of archaea and bacteria is identical and shows their early relationship. 
C) bacteria are not very diverse and are limited in distribution,while archaea are far more diverse and found everywhere. 
D) the archaea and bacteria are both derived from early eukarya. 
E) None of the choices are true.

Question 9

DNA barcoding is a method that can be used to identify any organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

If you were using cladistics to construct a phylogenetic tree of birds,what is the best outgroup?

Accepted Answer

A) eagles 
B) robins 
C) bats 
D) eastern bluebirds 
A) eagles 
B) robins 
C) bats 
D) eastern bluebirds

Question 11

Single-celled eukaryotic cells belong to which of the following domains?

Accepted Answer

A) Eukarya 
B) Fungi 
C) Animalia 
D) Plantae 
A) Eukarya 
B) Fungi 
C) Animalia 
D) Plantae

Question 12

In cladistics,________ is(are)the primary criterion used to classify organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) ecological niche 
B) shared,derived traits 
C) mating behavior 
D) observable traits 
E) All of the answer choices are correct. 
A) ecological niche 
B) shared,derived traits 
C) mating behavior 
D) observable traits 
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 13

A recent book by a reputable biologist suggests there is a deep,hot,acidic biosphere under the Earth's crust that may have more biomass than all life at the Earth's surface.What type of organisms would most likely be found in this deep biosphere?

Accepted Answer

A) primitive animals 
B) primitive heat-loving plants 
C) fungi living on the detritus from above 
D) thermoacidophilic archaea 
E) viruses 
A) primitive animals 
B) primitive heat-loving plants 
C) fungi living on the detritus from above 
D) thermoacidophilic archaea 
E) viruses

Question 14

The evolution of organisms in the three domains and four kingdoms is most accurately described by which sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) Prokaryotes to Protists to Plants,from Plants separately to both Animals and Fungi 
B) Prokaryotes to Fungi to Protists to Plants to Animals 
C) Prokaryotes to Protists,from Protists separately to Fungi,Plants,and Animals 
D) Protists to Prokaryotes to Fungi,from Fungi separately to Plants and Animals 
E) Prokaryotes to Protists,separately to Animals and Plants with Fungi a loss of plant photosynthesis 
A) Prokaryotes to Protists to Plants,from Plants separately to both Animals and Fungi 
B) Prokaryotes to Fungi to Protists to Plants to Animals 
C) Prokaryotes to Protists,from Protists separately to Fungi,Plants,and Animals 
D) Protists to Prokaryotes to Fungi,from Fungi separately to Plants and Animals 
E) Prokaryotes to Protists,separately to Animals and Plants with Fungi a loss of plant photosynthesis

Question 15

A multicellular organism with no cell wall would belong to which domain?

Accepted Answer

A) Eukarya 
B) Monera 
C) Bacteria 
D) Archaea 
A) Eukarya 
B) Monera 
C) Bacteria 
D) Archaea

Question 16

A(n)________ is one that is present in the common ancestor and all members of a group.

Accepted Answer

A) shared ancestral character 
B) cladistic characteristic 
C) divergent characteristic 
D) shared derived character 
E) analogous structure 
A) shared ancestral character 
B) cladistic characteristic 
C) divergent characteristic 
D) shared derived character 
E) analogous structure

Question 17

Domain Archaea is the only domain in which the organisms lack membrane-bound organelles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Convergent evolution has occurred when distantly related species have a structure that looks the same only because of adaptation to the same type of environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

All of the following are true regarding systematics EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

A) is the study of the diversity of organisms at all levels of organization. 
B) is the specific study of identification,naming,and classification of organisms. 
C) relies on data from the fossil record,homology,and molecular data. 
D) utilizes protein,DNA,and RNA comparisons to determine relatedness of individuals. 
A) is the study of the diversity of organisms at all levels of organization. 
B) is the specific study of identification,naming,and classification of organisms. 
C) relies on data from the fossil record,homology,and molecular data. 
D) utilizes protein,DNA,and RNA comparisons to determine relatedness of individuals.

Question 20

Which kingdom is correctly described?

Accepted Answer

A) Plants: multicellular and photosynthetic 
B) Fungi: unicellular and photosynthetic 
C) Animals: multicellular and saprotrophic 
D) Protists: unicellular and heterotrophic only 
A) Plants: multicellular and photosynthetic 
B) Fungi: unicellular and photosynthetic 
C) Animals: multicellular and saprotrophic 
D) Protists: unicellular and heterotrophic only

Exam 19: Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

Which of the following features would be used to construct a phylogenetic tree?

Hair is a character shared by all mammals,but not found in their ancestral lineage.Hair is therefore considered to be a(n)

Cladists feel that a cladogram is a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a group.Using what you have learned about scientific hypotheses,support this view of a cladogram.

Which of the following are the three domains proposed in Woese's classification system?

Which type of trait is more valuable in determining the evolutionary relationship between two organisms?

Nonscientists often use the words "name," "identify," and "classify" interchangeably.When they want to know what an organism is,they may ask "Can you name this?" or "Can you identify this?" or "Can you classify this?" Which of the following is/are correct usage(s)of the term(s)?

Which of the following are ways in which scientific names are derived? Select all that apply.

When comparing archaea with bacteria,

DNA barcoding is a method that can be used to identify any organism.

If you were using cladistics to construct a phylogenetic tree of birds,what is the best outgroup?

Single-celled eukaryotic cells belong to which of the following domains?

In cladistics,________ is(are)the primary criterion used to classify organisms.

A recent book by a reputable biologist suggests there is a deep,hot,acidic biosphere under the Earth's crust that may have more biomass than all life at the Earth's surface.What type of organisms would most likely be found in this deep biosphere?

The evolution of organisms in the three domains and four kingdoms is most accurately described by which sequence?

A multicellular organism with no cell wall would belong to which domain?

A(n)________ is one that is present in the common ancestor and all members of a group.

Domain Archaea is the only domain in which the organisms lack membrane-bound organelles.

Convergent evolution has occurred when distantly related species have a structure that looks the same only because of adaptation to the same type of environment.

All of the following are true regarding systematics EXCEPT that it

Which kingdom is correctly described?

A View of Life

Basic Chemistry

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

How Populations Evolve

Speciation and Macroevolution

Origin and History of Life

Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development and Aging

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

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