Question 1

Deamination of amino acids,in the excretory system,will initially result in the formation of

Accepted Answer

A) ammonia. 
B) urea. 
C) glucose. 
D) creatinine. 
E) uric acid. 
A) ammonia. 
B) urea. 
C) glucose. 
D) creatinine. 
E) uric acid. A

Question 2

Identify the labeled structures of the urinary system and its associated blood supply in the diagram.Briefly describe the function of each structure.   A: ________ E: ________
B: ________ F: ________
C: ________ G: ________
D ________ H: ________

Accepted Answer

A: renal artery: takes blood from the aorta to the kidneys B: renal vein; takes blood from the kidneys to the vena cava C: aorta: major systemic artery that takes blood from heart to tissues D: inferior vena cava: large systemic vein that returns blood to the heart E: kidney: produces urine F: ureter: transports urine to the bladder G: bladder: stores urine H: urethra: passes urine to the outside of the body

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps (processes)involved in urine formation?

Accepted Answer

A) countercurrent mechanism 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) glomerular filtration 
D) tubular secretion 
A) countercurrent mechanism 
B) tubular reabsorption 
C) glomerular filtration 
D) tubular secretion A

Question 4

Which hormone from the adrenal cortex of the kidneys will cause the distal convoluted tubules to reabsorb more sodium ions?

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin II 
D) ADH 
E) aldosterone 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin II 
D) ADH 
E) aldosterone

Question 5

What is the path of an excreted water molecule as it moves from the glomerulus to collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A) loop of nephron-glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct 
B) glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct 
C) distal convoluted tubule-glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron--collecting duct 
D) proximal convoluted tubule-glomerular capsule-loop of nephron-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct 
E) glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-distal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron-collecting duct 
A) loop of nephron-glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct 
B) glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct 
C) distal convoluted tubule-glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron--collecting duct 
D) proximal convoluted tubule-glomerular capsule-loop of nephron-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct 
E) glomerular capsule-proximal convoluted tubule-distal convoluted tubule-loop of nephron-collecting duct

Question 6

The urinary bladder is useful because it

Accepted Answer

A) helps with defecation. 
B) is a place where white cells attack bacteria. 
C) stores urine to prevent constant urination. 
D) transports urine to the outside of the body. 
E) filters wastes and recycles nutrients back into the bloodstream. 
A) helps with defecation. 
B) is a place where white cells attack bacteria. 
C) stores urine to prevent constant urination. 
D) transports urine to the outside of the body. 
E) filters wastes and recycles nutrients back into the bloodstream.

Question 7

Which group has the highest concentration of urea in their body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A) marine bony fishes 
B) freshwater bony fishes 
C) cartilaginous fishes 
D) reptiles 
E) birds 
A) marine bony fishes 
B) freshwater bony fishes 
C) cartilaginous fishes 
D) reptiles 
E) birds

Question 8

Explain the four major functions of the kidneys and how they relate to homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

1.The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes.

Question 9

If the ureter was blocked due to the development of a tumor preventing the normal flow of urine,which region of the kidney would be impacted first?

Accepted Answer

A) collecting duct 
B) renal cortex 
C) distal convoluted tubule 
D) proximal convoluted tubule 
E) glomerular capsule 
A) collecting duct 
B) renal cortex 
C) distal convoluted tubule 
D) proximal convoluted tubule 
E) glomerular capsule

Question 10

Nitrogenous wastes are primarily produced by

Accepted Answer

A) production of nucleic acids. 
B) breakdown of amino acids. 
C) breakdown of fats. 
D) breakdown of carbohydrates. 
E) production of proteins. 
A) production of nucleic acids. 
B) breakdown of amino acids. 
C) breakdown of fats. 
D) breakdown of carbohydrates. 
E) production of proteins.

Question 11

A very highly soluble nitrogenous waste,excreted into water by bony fishes,aquatic invertebrates,and aquatic amphibians is

Accepted Answer

A) urea. 
B) uric acid. 
C) amino acid. 
D) ammonia. 
E) uracil. 
A) urea. 
B) uric acid. 
C) amino acid. 
D) ammonia. 
E) uracil.

Question 12

Over 1 million of these microscopic units produce urine in the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) nephron 
B) glomerular (Bowman's)capsule 
C) glomerulus 
D) alveoli 
E) microvilli 
A) nephron 
B) glomerular (Bowman's)capsule 
C) glomerulus 
D) alveoli 
E) microvilli

Question 13

Which of the following excretory structures is used by birds?

Accepted Answer

A) urethra 
B) cloaca 
C) nephridia 
D) flame cells 
A) urethra 
B) cloaca 
C) nephridia 
D) flame cells

Question 14

Water follows sodium ions out of the renal filtrate in the tubules and into blood by means of

Accepted Answer

A) tubular reabsorption. 
B) tubular secretion. 
C) osmosis. 
D) glomerular filtration. 
A) tubular reabsorption. 
B) tubular secretion. 
C) osmosis. 
D) glomerular filtration.

Question 15

What are the potential consequences if a person's kidney suddenly stopped secreting the normal hormones?

Accepted Answer

A) The person would have trouble regulating their blood volume and pressure due to the imbalance of salt in the bloodstream. 
B) There would be an increase in the amount of water retained in the body,leading to edema. 
C) There would be a significant increase in the amount of potassium that is excreted by the kidneys. 
D) All of the choices are potential consequences. 
A) The person would have trouble regulating their blood volume and pressure due to the imbalance of salt in the bloodstream. 
B) There would be an increase in the amount of water retained in the body,leading to edema. 
C) There would be a significant increase in the amount of potassium that is excreted by the kidneys. 
D) All of the choices are potential consequences.

Question 16

Identify these nitrogenous wastes.   A: ________
B: ________
C: ________

Accepted Answer

A: ammonia

Question 17

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

Accepted Answer

A) less water passes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule. 
B) more water is driven from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule than normal. 
C) more salt is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. 
D) an increase in sodium ions causes more nerve stimulation and triggers urination. 
E) increased glucose in the urine increases its osmolarity and less water is reabsorbed by blood. 
A) less water passes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule. 
B) more water is driven from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule than normal. 
C) more salt is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. 
D) an increase in sodium ions causes more nerve stimulation and triggers urination. 
E) increased glucose in the urine increases its osmolarity and less water is reabsorbed by blood.

Question 18

Beyond maintaining water balance in the blood,the kidneys

Accepted Answer

A) maintain blood volume. 
B) aid in regulation of blood pressure. 
C) help to maintain the blood pH. 
D) All of the choices are kidney functions. 
A) maintain blood volume. 
B) aid in regulation of blood pressure. 
C) help to maintain the blood pH. 
D) All of the choices are kidney functions.

Question 19

Selective reabsorption of glucose and amino acids occur in the ________ of the nephron.

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus 
B) distal convoluted tubule 
C) proximal convoluted tubule 
D) collecting duct 
E) loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) 
A) glomerulus 
B) distal convoluted tubule 
C) proximal convoluted tubule 
D) collecting duct 
E) loop of the nephron (loop of Henle)

Question 20

When people have health issues associated with their kidneys doctors may prescribe diuretic drugs.Why would someone with high blood pressure be prescribed these drugs?

Accepted Answer

A) Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the more fluid and watery blood is easier to pump. 
B) Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and decrease the blood volume that must be pumped. 
C) Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the kidney does not have to work as hard. 
D) Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and the loss of nitrogenous wastes helps the heart. 
E) Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and salt loss and salt was bad for the heart. 
A) Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the more fluid and watery blood is easier to pump. 
B) Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and decrease the blood volume that must be pumped. 
C) Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the kidney does not have to work as hard. 
D) Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and the loss of nitrogenous wastes helps the heart. 
E) Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and salt loss and salt was bad for the heart.

Exam 36: Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Deamination of amino acids,in the excretory system,will initially result in the formation of

Identify the labeled structures of the urinary system and its associated blood supply in the diagram.Briefly describe the function of each structure. A: ________ E: ________ B: ________ F: ________ C: ________ G: ________ D ________ H: ________

Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps (processes)involved in urine formation?

Which hormone from the adrenal cortex of the kidneys will cause the distal convoluted tubules to reabsorb more sodium ions?

What is the path of an excreted water molecule as it moves from the glomerulus to collecting duct?

The urinary bladder is useful because it

Which group has the highest concentration of urea in their body fluids?

Explain the four major functions of the kidneys and how they relate to homeostasis.

If the ureter was blocked due to the development of a tumor preventing the normal flow of urine,which region of the kidney would be impacted first?

Nitrogenous wastes are primarily produced by

A very highly soluble nitrogenous waste,excreted into water by bony fishes,aquatic invertebrates,and aquatic amphibians is

Over 1 million of these microscopic units produce urine in the kidneys.

Which of the following excretory structures is used by birds?

Water follows sodium ions out of the renal filtrate in the tubules and into blood by means of

What are the potential consequences if a person's kidney suddenly stopped secreting the normal hormones?

Identify these nitrogenous wastes. A: ________ B: ________ C: ________

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

Beyond maintaining water balance in the blood,the kidneys

Selective reabsorption of glucose and amino acids occur in the ________ of the nephron.

When people have health issues associated with their kidneys doctors may prescribe diuretic drugs.Why would someone with high blood pressure be prescribed these drugs?

A View of Life

Basic Chemistry

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

How Populations Evolve

Speciation and Macroevolution

Origin and History of Life

Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development and Aging

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

Identify the labeled structures of the urinary system and its associated blood supply in the diagram.Briefly describe the function of each structure. A: E: B: F: C: G: D H:

Identify these nitrogenous wastes. A: B: C: