Question 1

All of the abiotic conditions under which a species can survive when adverse biotic conditions are absent is known as its

Accepted Answer

A) habitat. 
B) realized niche. 
C) fundamental niche. 
D) resource partition. 
A) habitat. 
B) realized niche. 
C) fundamental niche. 
D) resource partition. C

Question 2

The relationship between plants and their pollinators is a good example of parasitism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

A community that contains a low species diversity will often have a high species richness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Energy flow in an ecosystem is NOT cyclic because energy is

Accepted Answer

A) destroyed as it is used. 
B) evenly spread out over many organisms. 
C) converted to many kinds of useful energy. 
D) increased as you go up the energy pyramid. 
E) converted to heat,which is no longer useful. 
A) destroyed as it is used. 
B) evenly spread out over many organisms. 
C) converted to many kinds of useful energy. 
D) increased as you go up the energy pyramid. 
E) converted to heat,which is no longer useful.

Question 5

Which of the following features is not part of the ecological niche of a white-tailed deer?

Accepted Answer

A) the number of acorns it consumes during the fall 
B) the availability of woods for it to use as cover in order to escape from predators 
C) the presence of a water source within its habitat 
D) All of these are part of a white-tailed deer's ecological niche. 
A) the number of acorns it consumes during the fall 
B) the availability of woods for it to use as cover in order to escape from predators 
C) the presence of a water source within its habitat 
D) All of these are part of a white-tailed deer's ecological niche.

Question 6

In order for a community to reach the status of climax community,succession must always begin with pioneer species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In an Asian rice paddy,carp eat decaying material from around the base of rice plants while a snail scrapes algae from the leaves,stems,and roots of the same plant.They can survive at the same time in the same rice paddy because they occupy

Accepted Answer

A) the same habitat but different niches. 
B) the same habitat and the same niche. 
C) the same niche but different habitats. 
D) different habitats and different niches. 
A) the same habitat but different niches. 
B) the same habitat and the same niche. 
C) the same niche but different habitats. 
D) different habitats and different niches.

Question 8

Consider the following food chain: hawk - rabbit - clover.Each species will contain a different amount of calories in its body (clover: 10 calories,rabbit: 500,and hawk: 1200).Each species has a different daily caloric requirement (clover: sunlight,rabbit: 100 calories,hawk: 300).How many clover plants,per day,does it take to support one hawk?

Accepted Answer

A) approximately 600 clover plants 
B) approximately 30 clover plants 
C) approximately 60 clover plants 
D) approximately 3 clover plants 
E) None,clover plants do not support hawks. 
A) approximately 600 clover plants 
B) approximately 30 clover plants 
C) approximately 60 clover plants 
D) approximately 3 clover plants 
E) None,clover plants do not support hawks.

Question 9

A small marine amphipod has recently been discovered that carries a bad-tasting organism on its back,which is contrary to its normal behavior.If a fish ingests the pair,it immediately spits them back out.If the amphipod is alone,however,it is readily eaten.There is no apparent benefit or harm in this relationship for the "backpack" organism.This is probably a case of

Accepted Answer

A) mutualism. 
B) parasitism. 
C) commensalism. 
D) competitive exclusion. 
A) mutualism. 
B) parasitism. 
C) commensalism. 
D) competitive exclusion.

Question 10

Which type of succession would occur after a volcanic eruption?

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) There won't be any succession after a volcanic eruption. 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) There won't be any succession after a volcanic eruption.

Question 11

The only heterotrophs required in an ecosystem are

Accepted Answer

A) omnivores. 
B) herbivores. 
C) decomposers. 
D) autotrophs. 
E) carnivores. 
A) omnivores. 
B) herbivores. 
C) decomposers. 
D) autotrophs. 
E) carnivores.

Question 12

Chemosynthetic producers obtain energy by the oxidation of ammonia,nitrites,and sulfides,using this energy to make organic compounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

As animals take in food energy,approximately 10% of it is made available to the next level in the food chain.Which of the following is one of the ways in which the energy is used by the organism and not passed along?

Accepted Answer

A) cellular respiration 
B) defecation 
C) excretion 
D) death 
E) All of these are ways in which the organism uses the energy. 
A) cellular respiration 
B) defecation 
C) excretion 
D) death 
E) All of these are ways in which the organism uses the energy.

Question 14

Consider the following food chain: hawk - rabbit - clover.Each species will contain a different amount of calories in its body (clover: 10 calories,rabbit: 500,and hawk: 1200).Each species has a different daily caloric requirement (clover: sunlight,rabbit: 100 calories,hawk: 300).How many clover plants,per day,does it take to support a family of hawks (Mom,dad,and juvenile.Assume each hawk needs the same number of calories per day.)?

Accepted Answer

A) approximately 1800 clover plants 
B) approximately 600 clover plants 
C) approximately 100 clover plants 
D) approximately 18,000 clover plants 
E) None,hawks do not eat clover plants. 
A) approximately 1800 clover plants 
B) approximately 600 clover plants 
C) approximately 100 clover plants 
D) approximately 18,000 clover plants 
E) None,hawks do not eat clover plants.

Question 15

Consider the consequences of a harmless prey that evolves toward mimicry of a model that has an antipredator defense (Batesian mimicry).What happens to the effectiveness of this defense as more and more prey in the population are harmless mimics? Then consider what happens when a species with bad taste evolves to resemble a model that stings (Mullerian mimicry).

Accepted Answer

A) The number of Mullerian mimics is limited because they dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern,but the addition of more Batesian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex. 
B) The increased number of Batesian mimics dilutes or weakens the protection afforded by the warning color pattern,but the addition of more Mullerian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex. 
C) The number of both Batesian and Mullerian mimics is limited because both dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern. 
D) The number of both Batesian and Mullerian mimics is unlimited because they both reinforce the protection afforded by the warning color pattern. 
A) The number of Mullerian mimics is limited because they dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern,but the addition of more Batesian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex. 
B) The increased number of Batesian mimics dilutes or weakens the protection afforded by the warning color pattern,but the addition of more Mullerian mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex. 
C) The number of both Batesian and Mullerian mimics is limited because both dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern. 
D) The number of both Batesian and Mullerian mimics is unlimited because they both reinforce the protection afforded by the warning color pattern.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon monoxide 
B) carbon dioxide 
C) CFCs 
D) ozone 
E) methane 
A) carbon monoxide 
B) carbon dioxide 
C) CFCs 
D) ozone 
E) methane

Question 17

What is the correct order of events during primary succession?

Accepted Answer

A) Soil formation occurs - pioneer species enter the region - shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
B) pioneer species enter the region - soil formation occurs - shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
C) pioneer species enter the region - shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
D) pioneer species enter the region - climax status is reached - small trees begin to grow 
A) Soil formation occurs - pioneer species enter the region - shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
B) pioneer species enter the region - soil formation occurs - shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
C) pioneer species enter the region - shrubs begin to grow - small trees begin to grow 
D) pioneer species enter the region - climax status is reached - small trees begin to grow

Question 18

Two communities may have exactly the same number of species,yet one might be measured as having a greater species diversity.What defines species diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) composition or a listing of the various species in a community 
B) a community and all of the abiotic factors associated with it 
C) the native species plus the introduced species 
D) the potential number of species that should exist in a community minus the species that have gone locally extinct 
E) both the number of species and the evenness or relative abundance of individuals of the different species 
A) composition or a listing of the various species in a community 
B) a community and all of the abiotic factors associated with it 
C) the native species plus the introduced species 
D) the potential number of species that should exist in a community minus the species that have gone locally extinct 
E) both the number of species and the evenness or relative abundance of individuals of the different species

Question 19

What does the model of island biogeography predict about:
A.the relationship between the distance of an island from the mainland and immigration of species? Draw a graph depicting the relationship.
B.the relationship between the size of an island and the rate of extinction? Draw a graph depicting the relationship.
C.what type of island will have a higher equilibrium species richness than the other types of islands? Combine (and draw)the two previous graphs and indicate the equilibrium species richness of each island.

Accepted Answer

A.The model of island geography predicts

Question 20

All the populations of all the different species interacting with one another in the same environment is called

Accepted Answer

A) diversity. 
B) a community. 
C) an ecosystem. 
D) predation. 
E) symbiosis. 
A) diversity. 
B) a community. 
C) an ecosystem. 
D) predation. 
E) symbiosis.

Exam 45: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

All of the abiotic conditions under which a species can survive when adverse biotic conditions are absent is known as its

The relationship between plants and their pollinators is a good example of parasitism.

A community that contains a low species diversity will often have a high species richness.

Energy flow in an ecosystem is NOT cyclic because energy is

Which of the following features is not part of the ecological niche of a white-tailed deer?

In order for a community to reach the status of climax community,succession must always begin with pioneer species.

In an Asian rice paddy,carp eat decaying material from around the base of rice plants while a snail scrapes algae from the leaves,stems,and roots of the same plant.They can survive at the same time in the same rice paddy because they occupy

Which type of succession would occur after a volcanic eruption?

The only heterotrophs required in an ecosystem are

Chemosynthetic producers obtain energy by the oxidation of ammonia,nitrites,and sulfides,using this energy to make organic compounds.

As animals take in food energy,approximately 10% of it is made available to the next level in the food chain.Which of the following is one of the ways in which the energy is used by the organism and not passed along?

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

What is the correct order of events during primary succession?

Two communities may have exactly the same number of species,yet one might be measured as having a greater species diversity.What defines species diversity?

All the populations of all the different species interacting with one another in the same environment is called

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Basic Chemistry

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Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

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Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

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