Question 1

The function of the polymerase chain reaction in genetic engineering is to

Accepted Answer

A) cut DNA into many fragments. 
B) carry DNA into a new cell. 
C) link together newly joined fragments of DNA. 
D) make multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA. 
E) separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges. 
A) cut DNA into many fragments. 
B) carry DNA into a new cell. 
C) link together newly joined fragments of DNA. 
D) make multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA. 
E) separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges. D

Question 2

Differentiate between structural,functional,and comparative genomics.

Accepted Answer

Genomics is the study of genes and their function.Specifically,structural genomics is the study of the sequence of bases and the characterization of genes.The aim of functional genomics is to further characterize genes and their mRNA and protein products.Comparative genomics compares the human genome to the genome of other organisms.It includes investigation of the evolutionary relationships between the genes and proteins of different species.

Question 3

Animal cloning is a difficult process with a low success rate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

When bone marrow stem cells are removed from the patient,infected with a virus that carries a normal gene,and returned to the patient,this is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) PCR. 
B) chemotherapy. 
C) viral disinfection. 
D) in vivo gene therapy. 
E) ex vivo gene therapy. 
A) PCR. 
B) chemotherapy. 
C) viral disinfection. 
D) in vivo gene therapy. 
E) ex vivo gene therapy.

Question 5

It is estimated that humans have approximately ________ base pairs in our genome.

Accepted Answer

A) 3 billion 
B) 2.5 million 
C) 180 million 
D) 12 trillion 
A) 3 billion 
B) 2.5 million 
C) 180 million 
D) 12 trillion

Question 6

How is RNA interference (RNAi)used as a form of gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) Stem cells are removed from a patient,injected with large pieces of RNAi that carry the gene recipe for a particular enzyme,and returned to the body of the patient. 
B) Large pieces of RNAi are directly injected into the damaged cells of a patient in order to deliver functional gene recipes. 
C) Small pieces of RNAi are used to map the location of specific genes that need to be edited out of the genome. 
D) Small pieces of RNAi are used to silence the expression of specific alleles. 
A) Stem cells are removed from a patient,injected with large pieces of RNAi that carry the gene recipe for a particular enzyme,and returned to the body of the patient. 
B) Large pieces of RNAi are directly injected into the damaged cells of a patient in order to deliver functional gene recipes. 
C) Small pieces of RNAi are used to map the location of specific genes that need to be edited out of the genome. 
D) Small pieces of RNAi are used to silence the expression of specific alleles.

Question 7

Human gene therapy

Accepted Answer

A) includes the insertion of genetic material into human cells for the treatment of a genetic disease. 
B) has been used for treatment of children who have severe combined immunodeficiency. 
C) has been used in a trial to treat familial hypercholesterolemia. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) includes the insertion of genetic material into human cells for the treatment of a genetic disease. 
B) has been used for treatment of children who have severe combined immunodeficiency. 
C) has been used in a trial to treat familial hypercholesterolemia. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Gene therapy in humans has been used to treat

Accepted Answer

A) cystic fibrosis. 
B) cancer. 
C) inborn errors of metabolism. 
D) All of the answer choices. 
E) Only two of the answer choices. 
A) cystic fibrosis. 
B) cancer. 
C) inborn errors of metabolism. 
D) All of the answer choices. 
E) Only two of the answer choices.

Question 9

All of the following statements about genes and copy number variations are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) an individual's genome often contains multiple copies of a gene. 
B) individuals may differ as to the number of copies of a particular gene. 
C) copy number variations have been associated with specific diseases. 
D) All of the answer choices are true. 
A) an individual's genome often contains multiple copies of a gene. 
B) individuals may differ as to the number of copies of a particular gene. 
C) copy number variations have been associated with specific diseases. 
D) All of the answer choices are true.

Question 10

Proteomics involves the application of computer technologies to study databases of genetic information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A common method used to introduce rDNA into bacterial host cells is

Accepted Answer

A) viral infection. 
B) bacteriophage infection. 
C) plasmid transfer. 
D) microinjection of DNA. 
E) laser irradiation of cells in a fluid containing DNA. 
A) viral infection. 
B) bacteriophage infection. 
C) plasmid transfer. 
D) microinjection of DNA. 
E) laser irradiation of cells in a fluid containing DNA.

Question 12

All of the following statements are true about restriction enzymes EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) they are made by bacteria and viruses. 
B) hundreds of different ones have been isolated and purified. 
C) they produce single-stranded complementary ends that can join to two different DNA strands by complementary base-pairing. 
D) each enzyme cuts DNA at a different specific base sequence. 
A) they are made by bacteria and viruses. 
B) hundreds of different ones have been isolated and purified. 
C) they produce single-stranded complementary ends that can join to two different DNA strands by complementary base-pairing. 
D) each enzyme cuts DNA at a different specific base sequence.

Question 13

A.What type of enzyme is used to cleave DNA?
B.What type of "ends" are produced?
C.How do the "ends" function in cloning DNA?

Accepted Answer

A.A restriction enzyme is used to cleave

Question 14

Describe the procedure used to produce a transgenic cow that will produce human growth hormone in their milk.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary but should include: 1.I

Question 15

RNA interference (RNAi)was first discovered in prokaryotes and is thought to have evolved as protection against certain types of viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Describe the newest method of DNA fingerprinting,which uses PCR and short tandem repeat sequences (STRs).

Accepted Answer

Short tandem repeat (STR)profiling is cu

Question 17

Under which of the following circumstances would a DNA microarray be useful?

Accepted Answer

A) It would enable a researcher to determine the differences in gene expression between cell types. 
B) Researchers are trying to determine if an individual has inherited a genetic disease from their parents. 
C) It would enable doctors to determine which genes are responsible for producing diseased tissue in an individual. 
D) All of these are circumstances in which a DNA microarray would be useful. 
E) None of these are circumstances in which a DNA microarray would be useful. 
A) It would enable a researcher to determine the differences in gene expression between cell types. 
B) Researchers are trying to determine if an individual has inherited a genetic disease from their parents. 
C) It would enable doctors to determine which genes are responsible for producing diseased tissue in an individual. 
D) All of these are circumstances in which a DNA microarray would be useful. 
E) None of these are circumstances in which a DNA microarray would be useful.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about CRISPR are accurate? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) CRISPR was first discovered in single-celled eukaryotes. 
B) Where naturally found in cells,CRISPR acts as a form of immune defense against viruses. 
C) CRISPR utilizes an endonuclease enzyme called Cas9. 
D) CRISPR can only be used by researchers to target a specific sequence of nucleotides in single-celled prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
E) CRISPR requires a guide RNA molecule to identify the nucleotide sequence destined for editing. 
A) CRISPR was first discovered in single-celled eukaryotes. 
B) Where naturally found in cells,CRISPR acts as a form of immune defense against viruses. 
C) CRISPR utilizes an endonuclease enzyme called Cas9. 
D) CRISPR can only be used by researchers to target a specific sequence of nucleotides in single-celled prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
E) CRISPR requires a guide RNA molecule to identify the nucleotide sequence destined for editing.

Question 19

A DNA chip that contains rows of DNA sequences for mutations that indicate the presence of particular genetic disorders is representative of what type of biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA fingerprinting 
B) PCR 
C) gene pharming 
D) DNA microarrays 
E) gel electrophoresis 
A) DNA fingerprinting 
B) PCR 
C) gene pharming 
D) DNA microarrays 
E) gel electrophoresis

Question 20

What is the function of naturally occurring restriction enzymes in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They separate the DNA strands during DNA replication. 
B) They cut the bacterial cell's DNA. 
C) They cut any viral DNA that enters the cell. 
D) They reattach pieces of DNA into a continuous molecule after DNA replication. 
A) They separate the DNA strands during DNA replication. 
B) They cut the bacterial cell's DNA. 
C) They cut any viral DNA that enters the cell. 
D) They reattach pieces of DNA into a continuous molecule after DNA replication.

Exam 14: Biotechnology and Genomics

The function of the polymerase chain reaction in genetic engineering is to

Differentiate between structural,functional,and comparative genomics.

Animal cloning is a difficult process with a low success rate.

When bone marrow stem cells are removed from the patient,infected with a virus that carries a normal gene,and returned to the patient,this is an example of

It is estimated that humans have approximately ________ base pairs in our genome.

How is RNA interference (RNAi)used as a form of gene therapy?

Human gene therapy

Gene therapy in humans has been used to treat

All of the following statements about genes and copy number variations are true EXCEPT

Proteomics involves the application of computer technologies to study databases of genetic information.

A common method used to introduce rDNA into bacterial host cells is

All of the following statements are true about restriction enzymes EXCEPT

A.What type of enzyme is used to cleave DNA? B.What type of "ends" are produced? C.How do the "ends" function in cloning DNA?

Describe the procedure used to produce a transgenic cow that will produce human growth hormone in their milk.

RNA interference (RNAi)was first discovered in prokaryotes and is thought to have evolved as protection against certain types of viruses.

Describe the newest method of DNA fingerprinting,which uses PCR and short tandem repeat sequences (STRs).

Under which of the following circumstances would a DNA microarray be useful?

Which of the following statements about CRISPR are accurate? Select all that apply.

A DNA chip that contains rows of DNA sequences for mutations that indicate the presence of particular genetic disorders is representative of what type of biotechnology?

What is the function of naturally occurring restriction enzymes in bacterial cells?

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