Question 1

A cross between a male horse and a female donkey produces a mule.Mules are an example of

Accepted Answer

A) zygote mortality. 
B) hybrid infertility. 
C) temporal isolation. 
D) gametic isolation. 
A) zygote mortality. 
B) hybrid infertility. 
C) temporal isolation. 
D) gametic isolation. B

Question 2

Members of the ancestral salamander species live in northern California.As they migrate southward,populations are separated by the Central Valley.With limited contact between populations on the east and west of the valley,genetic differences accumulate.What type of speciation occurs under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) sympatric speciation 
B) allopatric speciation 
C) Both sympatric and allopatric speciation. 
D) Neither sympatric or allopatric. 
A) sympatric speciation 
B) allopatric speciation 
C) Both sympatric and allopatric speciation. 
D) Neither sympatric or allopatric. B

Question 3

________ is when one species splits into two species or when one species transforms into another over time.

Accepted Answer

A) Reproductive isolation 
B) Convergent evolution 
C) The founder effect 
D) Speciation 
E) Both reproductive isolation and speciation are correct. 
A) Reproductive isolation 
B) Convergent evolution 
C) The founder effect 
D) Speciation 
E) Both reproductive isolation and speciation are correct. D

Question 4

The morphological species concept involves the identification of certain structural traits,called ________,to distinguish one species from another.

Accepted Answer

A) analogous traits 
B) homologous traits 
C) diagnostic traits 
D) convergent traits 
A) analogous traits 
B) homologous traits 
C) diagnostic traits 
D) convergent traits

Question 5

Some genes can bring about radical changes in body shape and organs.The Pax6 gene is one such gene and is involved in

Accepted Answer

A) determining the location of repeated structures in all vertebrates. 
B) the development of limbs. 
C) eye formation in all animals. 
D) breast cancer. 
A) determining the location of repeated structures in all vertebrates. 
B) the development of limbs. 
C) eye formation in all animals. 
D) breast cancer.

Question 6

What type of speciation requires a geographic barrier?

Accepted Answer

A) sympatric speciation 
B) allopatric speciation 
C) Both sympatric and allopatric speciation require a geographic barrier. 
D) Neither sympatric or allopatric speciation require a geographic barrier. 
A) sympatric speciation 
B) allopatric speciation 
C) Both sympatric and allopatric speciation require a geographic barrier. 
D) Neither sympatric or allopatric speciation require a geographic barrier.

Question 7

Reproductive isolation is more likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

A) hybrids are more fit than members of the parent species. 
B) hybrids are less fit than members of the parent species. 
C) there are no differences between the fitness of the parent species and hybrids. 
D) None of the answer choices are true. 
A) hybrids are more fit than members of the parent species. 
B) hybrids are less fit than members of the parent species. 
C) there are no differences between the fitness of the parent species and hybrids. 
D) None of the answer choices are true.

Question 8

Explain the key differences between gradualistic equilibrium and punctuated equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

Gradualistic equilibrium is when new spe

Question 9

Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS)is an autosomal dominant condition characterized in part by upper limb malformations.The most likely cause of this disorder would be a mutation in a Pax6 gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

An insect population lives along the edge of a north-south mountain range.The populations from the east and west slope eventually join in a low northern pass and interbreed,producing fertile offspring,but they do not circle around the southern edge because of a desert barrier.When glaciers move southward,the populations are pushed south of the northern pass and are isolated.While isolated,the two populations develop enough differences over time that when the glaciers retreat north and the insects again share the same pass,they no longer mate at the same time,nor can they produce fertile offspring.These insects

Accepted Answer

A) began as one species and therefore remain one species. 
B) were originally two species and remain two species. 
C) were originally two species but are now one species. 
D) were originally one species but are now two species. 
E) The number of species cannot be determined from the information given. 
A) began as one species and therefore remain one species. 
B) were originally two species and remain two species. 
C) were originally two species but are now one species. 
D) were originally one species but are now two species. 
E) The number of species cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 11

Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)and roof rats (Rattus rattus)are different species.Occasionally,mating occurs if the two species are kept together in captivity.The resulting pregnancies are not successful and the embryos die.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) mechanical isolation. 
B) hybrid sterility. 
C) hybrid inviability. 
D) lack of F2 fitness. 
A) mechanical isolation. 
B) hybrid sterility. 
C) hybrid inviability. 
D) lack of F2 fitness.

Question 12

A reproductive isolation mechanism includes any structural,functional,or behavioral characteristic that blocks reproductive ability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Diagnostic traits can be used to distinguish between species of living organisms only.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Scientists developed the ________ model after their studies of the fossil record revealed that some species appear quite suddenly and then remain essentially unchanged phenotypically for a long period of time.

Accepted Answer

A) Hardy-Weinberg 
B) Urey-Miller 
C) gradualistic 
D) punctuated equilibrium 
A) Hardy-Weinberg 
B) Urey-Miller 
C) gradualistic 
D) punctuated equilibrium

Question 15

Reinforcement would eventually

Accepted Answer

A) reduce the formation of hybrids. 
B) favor and therefore increase the formation of hybrids. 
C) have no effect on hybrid formation. 
D) increase the fitness of hybrids. 
A) reduce the formation of hybrids. 
B) favor and therefore increase the formation of hybrids. 
C) have no effect on hybrid formation. 
D) increase the fitness of hybrids.

Question 16

Which of the following would result in reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A) Two populations of crickets are indistinguishable in physical features,but the females in each group only come to the different songs of their males. 
B) Fruit flies on one Hawaiian island live for hundreds of generations and do not come in contact with fruit flies on another island except when blown there by rare tropical storms. 
C) One brood of the seventeen-year cicada emerged in 1987 (and will do so every 17 years)and lives a few months as adults; another brood emerged in 1992 (and will do so every 17 years); the larvae of both feed side-by-side on tree roots. 
D) A lion and a tiger mate in the artificial confines of a zoo but the offspring is infertile. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Two populations of crickets are indistinguishable in physical features,but the females in each group only come to the different songs of their males. 
B) Fruit flies on one Hawaiian island live for hundreds of generations and do not come in contact with fruit flies on another island except when blown there by rare tropical storms. 
C) One brood of the seventeen-year cicada emerged in 1987 (and will do so every 17 years)and lives a few months as adults; another brood emerged in 1992 (and will do so every 17 years); the larvae of both feed side-by-side on tree roots. 
D) A lion and a tiger mate in the artificial confines of a zoo but the offspring is infertile. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Adaptive radiation occurs when organisms

Accepted Answer

A) exploit a variety of new environments. 
B) remain in the same,stable environment. 
C) undergo autoploidy and alloploidy. 
D) occupy the same habitat as their ancestral species. 
A) exploit a variety of new environments. 
B) remain in the same,stable environment. 
C) undergo autoploidy and alloploidy. 
D) occupy the same habitat as their ancestral species.

Question 18

________ is said to occur when a similar trait evolves in two unrelated species while ________ is when a species evolves in response to another species.

Accepted Answer

A) Convergent evolution; coevolution 
B) Coevolution; convergent evolution 
C) Sympatric speciation; coevolution 
D) Allopatric speciation; convergent evolution 
A) Convergent evolution; coevolution 
B) Coevolution; convergent evolution 
C) Sympatric speciation; coevolution 
D) Allopatric speciation; convergent evolution

Question 19

In which model of evolution are many transitional forms predicted?

Accepted Answer

A) punctuated equilibrium 
B) gradualistic 
C) Neither punctuated equilibrium nor gradualistic. 
D) Both punctuated equilibrium and gradualistic. 
A) punctuated equilibrium 
B) gradualistic 
C) Neither punctuated equilibrium nor gradualistic. 
D) Both punctuated equilibrium and gradualistic.

Question 20

When a diploid plant produces diploid gametes due to nondisjunction during meiosis,what occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) Autoploidy is occurring. 
B) An increase in the number of chromosomes above the parent species occurs. 
C) A triploid or tetraploid plant may occur. 
D) All of the answer choices are true. 
A) Autoploidy is occurring. 
B) An increase in the number of chromosomes above the parent species occurs. 
C) A triploid or tetraploid plant may occur. 
D) All of the answer choices are true.

Exam 17: Speciation and Macroevolution

A cross between a male horse and a female donkey produces a mule.Mules are an example of

________ is when one species splits into two species or when one species transforms into another over time.

The morphological species concept involves the identification of certain structural traits,called ________,to distinguish one species from another.

Some genes can bring about radical changes in body shape and organs.The Pax6 gene is one such gene and is involved in

What type of speciation requires a geographic barrier?

Reproductive isolation is more likely to occur when

Explain the key differences between gradualistic equilibrium and punctuated equilibrium.

Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS)is an autosomal dominant condition characterized in part by upper limb malformations.The most likely cause of this disorder would be a mutation in a Pax6 gene.

Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)and roof rats (Rattus rattus)are different species.Occasionally,mating occurs if the two species are kept together in captivity.The resulting pregnancies are not successful and the embryos die.This is an example of

A reproductive isolation mechanism includes any structural,functional,or behavioral characteristic that blocks reproductive ability.

Diagnostic traits can be used to distinguish between species of living organisms only.

Scientists developed the ________ model after their studies of the fossil record revealed that some species appear quite suddenly and then remain essentially unchanged phenotypically for a long period of time.

Reinforcement would eventually

Which of the following would result in reproductive isolation?

Adaptive radiation occurs when organisms

________ is said to occur when a similar trait evolves in two unrelated species while ________ is when a species evolves in response to another species.

In which model of evolution are many transitional forms predicted?

When a diploid plant produces diploid gametes due to nondisjunction during meiosis,what occurs?

A View of Life

Basic Chemistry

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

How Populations Evolve

Origin and History of Life

Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development and Aging

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

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is said to occur when a similar trait evolves in two unrelated species while is when a species evolves in response to another species.