The concentration of the primary messenger (ligand)in the bloodstream changes from −9 M when the signal is not being secreted to 10−7 M when it is being secreted.Which of the following Kds for binding that ligand would be optimal for a receptor involved in a responsive signaling system?

A) 10−10 B) 10−9 C) 10−8 D) 10−7 E) 10−6 A) 10−10 B) 10−9 C) 10−8 D) 10−7 E) 10−6

Exam 23: Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

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Initial attempts to culture cells demonstrated that blood serum but not blood plasma provided factors that increased the viability and proliferation of the cultured cells.Explain.

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Question 1

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The difference between blood plasma and serum is that serum is what remains when a clot forms and is removed from the plasma.During the clotting process,platelets are activated to secrete growth factors such as PDGF,which activates fibroblast RTK receptors to stimulate cell growth and division.

Cells can regulate precisely where signaling occurs within the cell (e.g.,in the yeast mating pathway)by association of the signal pathway proteins with a ________.

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scaffold protein or scaffold complex

Each of the following is true about Ras except

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Question 3

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Each of the following is a characteristic of hormones except

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Question 4

The α-subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein is active when bound to ________.

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Question 5

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except

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Question 6

Protein kinase C (PKC)activity is involved in each of the following except

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Question 7

You are seeking a new anti-inflammatory drug to inhibit local responses to stress and injury.Which of the following activities would you look for in a potential anti-inflammatory agent?

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Question 8

G_sα activates ________.

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Question 9

Which of the following would you expect to happen if you added EGF to a cell extract from which only the plasma membrane fraction has been removed?

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Question 10

The concentration of the primary messenger (ligand)in the bloodstream changes from <10⁻⁹ M when the signal is not being secreted to 10⁻⁷ M when it is being secreted.Which of the following K_ds for binding that ligand would be optimal for a receptor involved in a responsive signaling system?

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Question 11

Compare and contrast GPCR and RTK receptors with respect to (a)structure-especially the transmembrane region,(b)activation mechanism,(c)initial signal transduction across the membrane.

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Question 12

A strain of Drosophila known as dunce produces one-half the amount of cAMP phosphodiesterase found in wild-type flies,which causes a learning defect.Another strain of Drosophila known as rutabaga produces a defective adenylyl cyclase protein (one of the AC types expressed in most cells)and also causes a learning defect.A dunce-rutabaga double mutant fly has relatively normal learning.Explain these curious observations.

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Question 13

Each of the following is a step in the epinephrine-cAMP pathway in which the signal is amplified except

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Question 14

Which of the following would best be used to demonstrate XFF is most like EGF?

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Question 15

You recently identified a molecule that you believe is a primary messenger for a signal transduction mechanism.All you know about this ligand is that it is hydrophilic.Where would you expect to find initial interaction of the molecule with its receptor?

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Question 16

Reception of a signal released by the same cell is which of the following types of signaling?

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Question 17

________ is the messenger that regulates blood pressure by causing arterial smooth muscle relaxation.

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Question 18

The coordinated response of cells to an array of different signals from the environment is known as ________.

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Question 19

Each of the following is a plant hormone except

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Question 20

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Exam 23: Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

Initial attempts to culture cells demonstrated that blood serum but not blood plasma provided factors that increased the viability and proliferation of the cultured cells.Explain.

Cells can regulate precisely where signaling occurs within the cell (e.g.,in the yeast mating pathway)by association of the signal pathway proteins with a ________.

Each of the following is true about Ras except

Each of the following is a characteristic of hormones except

The α-subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein is active when bound to ________.

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except

Protein kinase C (PKC)activity is involved in each of the following except

You are seeking a new anti-inflammatory drug to inhibit local responses to stress and injury.Which of the following activities would you look for in a potential anti-inflammatory agent?

Gsα activates ________.

Which of the following would you expect to happen if you added EGF to a cell extract from which only the plasma membrane fraction has been removed?

The concentration of the primary messenger (ligand)in the bloodstream changes from <10−9 M when the signal is not being secreted to 10−7 M when it is being secreted.Which of the following Kds for binding that ligand would be optimal for a receptor involved in a responsive signaling system?

Compare and contrast GPCR and RTK receptors with respect to (a)structure-especially the transmembrane region,(b)activation mechanism,(c)initial signal transduction across the membrane.

Each of the following is a step in the epinephrine-cAMP pathway in which the signal is amplified except

Which of the following would best be used to demonstrate XFF is most like EGF?

You recently identified a molecule that you believe is a primary messenger for a signal transduction mechanism.All you know about this ligand is that it is hydrophilic.Where would you expect to find initial interaction of the molecule with its receptor?

Reception of a signal released by the same cell is which of the following types of signaling?

________ is the messenger that regulates blood pressure by causing arterial smooth muscle relaxation.

The coordinated response of cells to an array of different signals from the environment is known as ________.

Each of the following is a plant hormone except

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

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G_sα activates ________.

The concentration of the primary messenger (ligand)in the bloodstream changes from <10⁻⁹ M when the signal is not being secreted to 10⁻⁷ M when it is being secreted.Which of the following K_ds for binding that ligand would be optimal for a receptor involved in a responsive signaling system?