Question 1

The endosymbiont theory states that chloroplasts originated

Accepted Answer

A) by spontaneous generation in the cytoplasm of an ancestral cell. 
B) by fusion of several prokaryotes. 
C) from cyanobacteria entering and remaining in the cytoplasm of another cell. 
D) by fusion of mitochondria and peroxisomes. 
E) through evolutionary change in a mitochondrion. 
A) by spontaneous generation in the cytoplasm of an ancestral cell. 
B) by fusion of several prokaryotes. 
C) from cyanobacteria entering and remaining in the cytoplasm of another cell. 
D) by fusion of mitochondria and peroxisomes. 
E) through evolutionary change in a mitochondrion. C

Question 2

Of the following plastids,which is not paired with its proper function?

Accepted Answer

A) amyloplasts; sugar synthesis 
B) chromoplasts; contain non-chlorophyll pigment that give flowers distinctive colors 
C) chloroplasts; photosynthesis 
D) proteinoplasts; protein storage 
E) elaioplasts; lipid storage 
A) amyloplasts; sugar synthesis 
B) chromoplasts; contain non-chlorophyll pigment that give flowers distinctive colors 
C) chloroplasts; photosynthesis 
D) proteinoplasts; protein storage 
E) elaioplasts; lipid storage A

Question 3

Diatoms have both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll ________.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

________ proteins stabilize the arrangement of the chlorophyll within a photosystem and modify the absorption spectra of specific chlorophyll molecules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ proteins stabilize the arrangement of the...

Question 5

The highest intensity of the Sun's radiation at the Earth surface is in the visible light wavelength ranges of between ~400 to 700 nm.
Questions:
a)Explain how plants maximize the uptake of sunlight energy.In your answer,consider chlorophyll and antenna pigment structures and functions.
b)Why does the photosynthetic part of plants appear green?
c)The leaves of some plants lose their green color in the fall,often appearing red or yellow.Use your knowledge of plant pigments to propose a possible reason for these color changes.

Accepted Answer

a)Plants expand the energy wavelengths t

Question 6

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)plants open their stomata only during the ________ to minimize water loss.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)plants open their stomata...

Question 7

Having various types of chlorophylls and accessory pigments for the photosynthetic process

Accepted Answer

A) allows for a variation in color among plants. 
B) allows many wavelengths of light to be captured to provide energy for photosynthesis. 
C) allows light to be harvested specifically in a stepwise manner. 
D) shifts the equilibrium of photosynthesis toward the formation of products. 
E) increases the efficiency of the Calvin cycle. 
A) allows for a variation in color among plants. 
B) allows many wavelengths of light to be captured to provide energy for photosynthesis. 
C) allows light to be harvested specifically in a stepwise manner. 
D) shifts the equilibrium of photosynthesis toward the formation of products. 
E) increases the efficiency of the Calvin cycle.

Question 8

The relationship between photosystem I (PSI)and photosystem II (PSII)is correctly described by which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A) PSI precedes PSII in photosynthesis. 
B) Electrons are excited by PSI or PSII,but not both. 
C) Chlorophyll molecules in the reaction centers of PSI and PSII are designated P700 and P680,respectively,to reflect the wavelengths of their light absorption maxima. 
D) PSII was discovered before PSI. 
E) Only PSI contains a special pair of chlorophyll a  molecules. 
A) PSI precedes PSII in photosynthesis. 
B) Electrons are excited by PSI or PSII,but not both. 
C) Chlorophyll molecules in the reaction centers of PSI and PSII are designated P700 and P680,respectively,to reflect the wavelengths of their light absorption maxima. 
D) PSII was discovered before PSI. 
E) Only PSI contains a special pair of chlorophyll a  molecules.

Question 9

Continuous carbon assimilation in the Calvin cycle is made possible by the regeneration of

Accepted Answer

A) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 
B) dihydroxyacetone phosphate. 
C) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. 
D) glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate. 
E) 3-phosphoglycerate. 
A) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 
B) dihydroxyacetone phosphate. 
C) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. 
D) glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate. 
E) 3-phosphoglycerate.

Question 10

The plastoquinol (Q8H2)transfers electrons from

Accepted Answer

A) cytochrome b6/f to PSII. 
B) PSII to the cytochrome b6/f complex. 
C) water to PSII. 
D) light harvesting complex II to PSII. 
E) cytochrome b6/f to plastoquinone. 
A) cytochrome b6/f to PSII. 
B) PSII to the cytochrome b6/f complex. 
C) water to PSII. 
D) light harvesting complex II to PSII. 
E) cytochrome b6/f to plastoquinone.

Question 11

The transfer of energy directly from a photoexcited electron in a pigment molecule to another electron in an adjacent pigment molecule occurs by

Accepted Answer

A) photoexcitation. 
B) photochemical reduction 
C) photophosphorylation. 
D) resonance energy transfer. 
E) photorespiration. 
A) photoexcitation. 
B) photochemical reduction 
C) photophosphorylation. 
D) resonance energy transfer. 
E) photorespiration.

Question 12

The glycolate pathway performs the process of ________ by consuming O2 and releasing CO2 in a light-dependent manner.

Accepted Answer

Question 13

Which molecule in the Calvin cycle is used to synthesize starch and sucrose?

Accepted Answer

A) 3-phosphoglycerate 
B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
C) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate 
D) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
E) ribulose-5-phosphate 
A) 3-phosphoglycerate 
B) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
C) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate 
D) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
E) ribulose-5-phosphate

Question 14

Which of the following pigments enables red algae to utilize the dim light that penetrates ocean surface water as a source of energy?

Accepted Answer

A) chlorophyll a 
B) chlorophyll c 
C) lutein 
D) phycoerythrin 
E) ?-carotene 
A) chlorophyll a 
B) chlorophyll c 
C) lutein 
D) phycoerythrin 
E) ?-carotene

Question 15

Light behaves as a stream of discrete particles called ________,each carrying a ________ (indivisible packet)of energy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Light behaves as a stream of discrete...

Question 16

Rubisco is an important enzyme in the Calvin cycle because it acts as a carboxylase to catalyze addition of carbon dioxide and water to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate,which then forms two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate.Rubisco also acts as an oxygenase to catalyze addition of molecular oxygen rather than carbon dioxide to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
a)What is (are)the product(s)of the rubisco oxygenase reaction activity and why is this a problem for plants?
b)Explain why rubisco's much lower affinity for oxygen than for carbon dioxide does not mitigate the rubisco oxygenase problem for plants.
c)Identify the pathway plants use to metabolize the problematic product of rubisco oxygenase and the final fate of its carbons.
d)Explain why the oxygenase activity of rubisco is particularly problematic for plants in arid environments.
e)What strategies do plants in arid environments use to deal with this problem?

Accepted Answer

a)Rather than the carboxylase activity y

Question 17

Which three organelles are involved in the glycolate pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) lysosome,chloroplast,rough endoplasmic reticulum 
B) mitochondrion,nucleus,lysosome 
C) peroxisome,smooth endoplasmic reticulum,chloroplast 
D) peroxisome,chloroplast,mitochondrion 
E) Golgi complex,peroxisome,lysosome 
A) lysosome,chloroplast,rough endoplasmic reticulum 
B) mitochondrion,nucleus,lysosome 
C) peroxisome,smooth endoplasmic reticulum,chloroplast 
D) peroxisome,chloroplast,mitochondrion 
E) Golgi complex,peroxisome,lysosome

Question 18

The process by which photosynthetic organisms use light energy for ATP production is known as

Accepted Answer

A) photorespiration. 
B) photosynthesis. 
C) phototaxis. 
D) photophosphorylation. 
E) photoreduction. 
A) photorespiration. 
B) photosynthesis. 
C) phototaxis. 
D) photophosphorylation. 
E) photoreduction.

Question 19

Which of the following is not an accessory pigment used to absorb photons that cannot be captured by chlorophyll?

Accepted Answer

A) β-carotene 
B) phycoerythrin 
C) lutein 
D) phycochlorophyll 
E) phycocyanin 
A) β-carotene 
B) phycoerythrin 
C) lutein 
D) phycochlorophyll 
E) phycocyanin

Question 20

Each of the following is true regarding bacterial anoxygenic photosynthesis except

Accepted Answer

A) O2 is released. 
B) Hydrogen sulfide or thiosulfate can act as electron donors. 
C) Bacteriochlorophyll b absorbs light energy in the far red range of the light spectrum. 
D) Electron flow is coupled to unidirectional proton pumping across the bacterial plasma membrane. 
E) Following electron flow,the electron is transferred from cytochrome c to bacteriochlorophyll b . 
A) O2 is released. 
B) Hydrogen sulfide or thiosulfate can act as electron donors. 
C) Bacteriochlorophyll b absorbs light energy in the far red range of the light spectrum. 
D) Electron flow is coupled to unidirectional proton pumping across the bacterial plasma membrane. 
E) Following electron flow,the electron is transferred from cytochrome c to bacteriochlorophyll b .

Exam 11: Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The endosymbiont theory states that chloroplasts originated

Of the following plastids,which is not paired with its proper function?

Diatoms have both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll ________.

________ proteins stabilize the arrangement of the chlorophyll within a photosystem and modify the absorption spectra of specific chlorophyll molecules.

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)plants open their stomata only during the ________ to minimize water loss.

Having various types of chlorophylls and accessory pigments for the photosynthetic process

The relationship between photosystem I (PSI)and photosystem II (PSII)is correctly described by which of the following statements?

Continuous carbon assimilation in the Calvin cycle is made possible by the regeneration of

The plastoquinol (Q8H2)transfers electrons from

The transfer of energy directly from a photoexcited electron in a pigment molecule to another electron in an adjacent pigment molecule occurs by

The glycolate pathway performs the process of ________ by consuming O2 and releasing CO2 in a light-dependent manner.

Which molecule in the Calvin cycle is used to synthesize starch and sucrose?

Which of the following pigments enables red algae to utilize the dim light that penetrates ocean surface water as a source of energy?

Light behaves as a stream of discrete particles called ________,each carrying a ________ (indivisible packet)of energy.

Which three organelles are involved in the glycolate pathway?

The process by which photosynthetic organisms use light energy for ATP production is known as

Which of the following is not an accessory pigment used to absorb photons that cannot be captured by chlorophyll?

Each of the following is true regarding bacterial anoxygenic photosynthesis except

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

Filters

The plastoquinol (Q₈H₂)transfers electrons from

The glycolate pathway performs the process of ________ by consuming O₂ and releasing CO₂ in a light-dependent manner.

Light behaves as a stream of discrete particles called ,each carrying a (indivisible packet)of energy.