Question 1

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in synthesis of

Accepted Answer

A) lipids. 
B) polysaccharides. 
C) proteins. 
D) DNA. 
E) lipids,polysaccharides,proteins,and DNA. 
A) lipids. 
B) polysaccharides. 
C) proteins. 
D) DNA. 
E) lipids,polysaccharides,proteins,and DNA. A

Question 2

The major structural elements of the cytoskeleton are

Accepted Answer

A) the extracellular matrix and the cell wall. 
B) microtubules,microfilaments,and intermediate filaments. 
C) the cytoplasm and cytosol. 
D) cleavage furrows and G-actin. 
E) proteoglycans and cellulose microfibrils. 
A) the extracellular matrix and the cell wall. 
B) microtubules,microfilaments,and intermediate filaments. 
C) the cytoplasm and cytosol. 
D) cleavage furrows and G-actin. 
E) proteoglycans and cellulose microfibrils. B

Question 3

Viroids differ from viruses in that they

Accepted Answer

A) are acellular. 
B) lack capsid proteins. 
C) are self-replicating. 
D) have latent forms that exist in some genomes. 
E) are associated with plant diseases. 
A) are acellular. 
B) lack capsid proteins. 
C) are self-replicating. 
D) have latent forms that exist in some genomes. 
E) are associated with plant diseases. B

Question 4

Some researchers have hypothesized that type II diabetes mellitus is caused by a mitochondrial defect.Which of the following would be the best way for them to study mitochondrial differences in fresh tissue samples from diabetic and nondiabetic mice?

Accepted Answer

A) Mitochondria could be identified and isolated from other cellular components using immunofluorescence microscopy in both tissues. 
B) Mitochondria are the only organelles that survive tissue homogenization,thus both tissues could be homogenized to study the mitochondria. 
C) Mitochondria from both tissues could be isolated from other cellular components by using proteolytic enzymes to break down other cellular structures. 
D) Mitochondria from both tissues could be isolated from other cellular components by fractionating tissue homogenate using differential centrifugation followed by density gradient centrifugation. 
E) Mitochondria can not be separated from whole cells without damaging them. 
A) Mitochondria could be identified and isolated from other cellular components using immunofluorescence microscopy in both tissues. 
B) Mitochondria are the only organelles that survive tissue homogenization,thus both tissues could be homogenized to study the mitochondria. 
C) Mitochondria from both tissues could be isolated from other cellular components by using proteolytic enzymes to break down other cellular structures. 
D) Mitochondria from both tissues could be isolated from other cellular components by fractionating tissue homogenate using differential centrifugation followed by density gradient centrifugation. 
E) Mitochondria can not be separated from whole cells without damaging them.

Question 5

Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from ancient bacteria.Which characteristics of a free-living bacteria have mitochondria lost over time?

Accepted Answer

A) an independent genome 
B) ribosomes 
C) phospholipid membranes 
D) motility 
E) ribosomes,phospholipid membranes,motility,and an independent genome 
A) an independent genome 
B) ribosomes 
C) phospholipid membranes 
D) motility 
E) ribosomes,phospholipid membranes,motility,and an independent genome

Question 6

Which of the following is a true statement regarding lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) The lysosome may mature from a late endosome. 
B) The lysosome may function in glycosylation. 
C) The contents of the lysosome originate in the smooth ER. 
D) The lysosome functions in export packaging. 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) The lysosome may mature from a late endosome. 
B) The lysosome may function in glycosylation. 
C) The contents of the lysosome originate in the smooth ER. 
D) The lysosome functions in export packaging. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 7

A(n)________ is composed of tetrameric protofilaments.

Accepted Answer

A) extracellular matrix 
B) microtubule 
C) bacteriophage 
D) microfilament 
E) intermediate filament 
A) extracellular matrix 
B) microtubule 
C) bacteriophage 
D) microfilament 
E) intermediate filament

Question 8

The extracellular matrix outside the plasma membrane of animal cells is typically composed of

Accepted Answer

A) collagen and proteoglycans. 
B) lipids. 
C) cellulose. 
D) peptidoglycan. 
E) collagen,proteoglycans,lipids,and peptidoglycan. 
A) collagen and proteoglycans. 
B) lipids. 
C) cellulose. 
D) peptidoglycan. 
E) collagen,proteoglycans,lipids,and peptidoglycan.

Question 9

Which of the following is characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) binary fission 
B) membrane-bounded nucleus 
C) peptidoglycan cell wall 
D) 70S ribosomes 
E) smaller than 5 µm in diameter 
A) binary fission 
B) membrane-bounded nucleus 
C) peptidoglycan cell wall 
D) 70S ribosomes 
E) smaller than 5 µm in diameter

Question 10

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely occurred in many steps.Outline the steps that may have occurred beginning with the formation of biological molecules and ending in complex structures observed in eukaryotic cells today.

Accepted Answer

Answers should include phases or steps s

Question 11

The size range of most plant and animal cells is

Accepted Answer

A) 1-10 nm. 
B) 1-5 ?m. 
C) 10-50 ?m. 
D) 0.1-0.5 mm. 
E) 50-100 mm. 
A) 1-10 nm. 
B) 1-5 ?m. 
C) 10-50 ?m. 
D) 0.1-0.5 mm. 
E) 50-100 mm.

Question 12

Which of the following organelles is not generally found in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A) food vacuole 
B) centriole 
C) endoplasmic reticulum 
D) central vacuole 
E) mitochondrion 
A) food vacuole 
B) centriole 
C) endoplasmic reticulum 
D) central vacuole 
E) mitochondrion

Question 13

In your own words and with your own examples,explain fully how cells are limited in size and how some cells have modifications that allow them to be larger or more adapted to a particular function in spite of these limitations.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary greatly; however,all e

Question 14

Which of the following organelles has only a single membrane around it?

Accepted Answer

A) ribosome 
B) nucleus 
C) mitochondrion 
D) chloroplast 
E) peroxisome 
A) ribosome 
B) nucleus 
C) mitochondrion 
D) chloroplast 
E) peroxisome

Question 15

Kuru is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system believed to be caused by which type of agent?

Accepted Answer

A) virus 
B) bacterium 
C) prion 
D) viroid 
E) protozoan 
A) virus 
B) bacterium 
C) prion 
D) viroid 
E) protozoan

Question 16

As a cell increases in size,volume increases faster than surface area because surface area is proportional to the ________ of the linear dimension of the cell,but volume is proportional to the ________ of the linear dimension.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a cell increases in size,volume increases...

Question 17

The chromoplast is an organelle associated with

Accepted Answer

A) oxidation of sugars. 
B) synthesis of secretory proteins. 
C) plant pigment storage. 
D) ribosome production in primitive plants. 
E) storage of chromium. 
A) oxidation of sugars. 
B) synthesis of secretory proteins. 
C) plant pigment storage. 
D) ribosome production in primitive plants. 
E) storage of chromium.

Question 18

Lignin is an important component in

Accepted Answer

A) tight junctions. 
B) plant cell walls. 
C) fungal cell walls. 
D) plasmodesmata. 
E) bacterial cell walls. 
A) tight junctions. 
B) plant cell walls. 
C) fungal cell walls. 
D) plasmodesmata. 
E) bacterial cell walls.

Question 19

Ribosomal subunits are referred to by number and letter combinations (e.g.,70S).The "S" refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

Svedberg u

Question 20

Communication between animal cells is facilitated by

Accepted Answer

A) tight junctions. 
B) gap junctions. 
C) adhesive junctions. 
D) plasmodesmata. 
E) gap and adhesive junctions. 
A) tight junctions. 
B) gap junctions. 
C) adhesive junctions. 
D) plasmodesmata. 
E) gap and adhesive junctions.

Exam 4: Cells and Organelles

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in synthesis of

The major structural elements of the cytoskeleton are

Viroids differ from viruses in that they

Some researchers have hypothesized that type II diabetes mellitus is caused by a mitochondrial defect.Which of the following would be the best way for them to study mitochondrial differences in fresh tissue samples from diabetic and nondiabetic mice?

Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from ancient bacteria.Which characteristics of a free-living bacteria have mitochondria lost over time?

Which of the following is a true statement regarding lysosomes?

A(n)________ is composed of tetrameric protofilaments.

The extracellular matrix outside the plasma membrane of animal cells is typically composed of

Which of the following is characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely occurred in many steps.Outline the steps that may have occurred beginning with the formation of biological molecules and ending in complex structures observed in eukaryotic cells today.

The size range of most plant and animal cells is

Which of the following organelles is not generally found in animal cells?

In your own words and with your own examples,explain fully how cells are limited in size and how some cells have modifications that allow them to be larger or more adapted to a particular function in spite of these limitations.

Which of the following organelles has only a single membrane around it?

Kuru is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system believed to be caused by which type of agent?

As a cell increases in size,volume increases faster than surface area because surface area is proportional to the ________ of the linear dimension of the cell,but volume is proportional to the ________ of the linear dimension.

The chromoplast is an organelle associated with

Lignin is an important component in

Ribosomal subunits are referred to by number and letter combinations (e.g.,70S).The "S" refers to ________.

Communication between animal cells is facilitated by

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

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As a cell increases in size,volume increases faster than surface area because surface area is proportional to the of the linear dimension of the cell,but volume is proportional to the of the linear dimension.