Question 1

Each of the following structures is found within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell except

Accepted Answer

A) transfer RNA. 
B) histones. 
C) plasmids. 
D) the nucleolus. 
E) All of these are found in the nucleus. 
A) transfer RNA. 
B) histones. 
C) plasmids. 
D) the nucleolus. 
E) All of these are found in the nucleus. C

Question 2

Avery,MacLeod,and McCarty (1944)demonstrated that DNA was the genetic material by treating heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae S (smooth)strain with DNase,thereby preventing transfer of the "transforming substance" from the killed S strain to the live R (rough)strain when the two were mixed together and injected into mice.Another way that one could demonstrate transformation in bacteria would be to extract DNA from

Accepted Answer

A) an R strain and mix it with cells of an S strain. 
B) both S and R strains and mix it to allow recombination to take place. 
C) an ampicillin-sensitive strain and mix it with cells of an ampicillin-resistant strain. 
D) an S strain and mix it with cells of an R strain. 
E) None of the above are correct. 
A) an R strain and mix it with cells of an S strain. 
B) both S and R strains and mix it to allow recombination to take place. 
C) an ampicillin-sensitive strain and mix it with cells of an ampicillin-resistant strain. 
D) an S strain and mix it with cells of an R strain. 
E) None of the above are correct. D

Question 3

In an experiment like that of the 1952 Hershey and Chase experiments,35S was added to a phage replicating within its bacterial host.The new phage particles were carefully isolated and used to infect fresh bacterial cells in the absence of any radioisotopes.Where would you expect to find the 35S radioisotope immediately after infection?

Accepted Answer

A) in the phage ghosts outside the bacterial cells 
B) incorporated into the bacterial matrix proteins 
C) incorporated into the bacterial DNA 
D) inside the bacterial cells,but separate from the bacterial DNA 
E) inside the bacterial cells,but separate from the bacterial proteins 
A) in the phage ghosts outside the bacterial cells 
B) incorporated into the bacterial matrix proteins 
C) incorporated into the bacterial DNA 
D) inside the bacterial cells,but separate from the bacterial DNA 
E) inside the bacterial cells,but separate from the bacterial proteins A

Question 4

Circular DNA molecules found in nature are

Accepted Answer

A) positively supercoiled. 
B) negatively supercoiled. 
C) not supercoiled,due to their small size. 
D) always oriented in a triple helix to conserve space. 
E) always in the Z-DNA formation. 
A) positively supercoiled. 
B) negatively supercoiled. 
C) not supercoiled,due to their small size. 
D) always oriented in a triple helix to conserve space. 
E) always in the Z-DNA formation.

Question 5

Heterochromatin is highly ________,thus constitutive heterochromatin plays a(n)________ role and facultative heterochromatin functions in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) compacted; structural; regulation of gene expression 
B) compacted; regulatory; structure 
C) denatured; regulatory; structure 
D) denatured; structural; regulation of gene expression 
E) modified; evolutionary; structure 
A) compacted; structural; regulation of gene expression 
B) compacted; regulatory; structure 
C) denatured; regulatory; structure 
D) denatured; structural; regulation of gene expression 
E) modified; evolutionary; structure

Question 6

The base composition in DNA isolated from cow liver cells is 28% adenine; what percent of the bases are cytosine?

Accepted Answer

A) 14% 
B) 22% 
C) 28% 
D) 36% 
E) 56% 
A) 14% 
B) 22% 
C) 28% 
D) 36% 
E) 56%

Question 7

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)would be helpful in determining

Accepted Answer

A) the location of B-DNA and Z-DNA. 
B) the position and structure of nucleosomes. 
C) the position of particular chromosomes or sequences inside the nucleus. 
D) the base composition of a DNA sample. 
E) the number of nuclear pores on the nuclear envelope 
A) the location of B-DNA and Z-DNA. 
B) the position and structure of nucleosomes. 
C) the position of particular chromosomes or sequences inside the nucleus. 
D) the base composition of a DNA sample. 
E) the number of nuclear pores on the nuclear envelope

Question 8

Alteration of histones by addition of methyl and acetyl groups to particular amino acids

Accepted Answer

A) changes B-DNA to Z-DNA. 
B) results in the remodeling of chromatin that can activate or inhibit gene expression. 
C) creates G bands seen after Giemsa staining of chromosomes. 
D) helps preserve telomeres during DNA replication. 
E) alters the denaturation and renaturation of DNA. 
A) changes B-DNA to Z-DNA. 
B) results in the remodeling of chromatin that can activate or inhibit gene expression. 
C) creates G bands seen after Giemsa staining of chromosomes. 
D) helps preserve telomeres during DNA replication. 
E) alters the denaturation and renaturation of DNA.

Question 9

Mitochondrial DNA can be used to identify a species based upon

Accepted Answer

A) NADH dehydrogenase sequences. 
B) variation in the mitochondrial rRNA genes. 
C) the 648 bp DNA bar code region. 
D) the proportion of GC base pairs. 
E) the size of the mitochondrial genome. 
A) NADH dehydrogenase sequences. 
B) variation in the mitochondrial rRNA genes. 
C) the 648 bp DNA bar code region. 
D) the proportion of GC base pairs. 
E) the size of the mitochondrial genome.

Question 10

The nuclear envelope functions as a

Accepted Answer

A) means of separating nuclear and cytoplasmic constituents. 
B) means of localization of the chromosomes within the cell. 
C) selective barrier,allowing certain substances in or out. 
D) means of sequestering many of the mRNA processing activities from the cytosol. 
E) selective barrier that separates nuclear and cytoplasmic constituents,localizes chromosomes within the cell,and sequesters many of the mRNA processing activities from the cytosol. 
A) means of separating nuclear and cytoplasmic constituents. 
B) means of localization of the chromosomes within the cell. 
C) selective barrier,allowing certain substances in or out. 
D) means of sequestering many of the mRNA processing activities from the cytosol. 
E) selective barrier that separates nuclear and cytoplasmic constituents,localizes chromosomes within the cell,and sequesters many of the mRNA processing activities from the cytosol.

Question 11

Which of the following are components of Chargaff's rules of bases?

Accepted Answer

A) % purines = % pyrimidines 
B) %C + %T = %A + %G 
C) %A = %T 
D) %G = %C 
E) All of these are true. 
A) % purines = % pyrimidines 
B) %C + %T = %A + %G 
C) %A = %T 
D) %G = %C 
E) All of these are true.

Question 12

________ is the process of synthesizing proteins based on the base sequences in mRNA molecules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the process of synthesizing proteins...

Question 13

The information encoded in DNA is used within a cell in a two-stage process.The two stages of this process are called

Accepted Answer

A) denaturation and renaturation. 
B) base-pairing and denaturation. 
C) replication and division. 
D) transcription and translation. 
E) replication and transcription. 
A) denaturation and renaturation. 
B) base-pairing and denaturation. 
C) replication and division. 
D) transcription and translation. 
E) replication and transcription.

Question 14

________ are amino acid sequences that are recognized by importin,allowing proteins to enter the nucleus.

Accepted Answer

Nuclear lo

Question 15

The proteins that compose the nuclear matrix and are implicated in a number of degenerative diseases are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The proteins that compose the nuclear matrix...

Question 16

A novel protist was discovered on a rock sample in a hot spring.Your task is to determine the lengths of DNA associated with its nucleosomes so that a colleague can then determine the nature of the proteins that comprise the nucleosome.How would you go about determining the lengths of these DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

Briefly,the following steps ne

Question 17

The name given to double-stranded DNA that is twisted upon itself is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The name given to double-stranded DNA that...

Question 18

Which of the following model organisms were used in experiments demonstrating that DNA was the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

A) mice 
B) amoeba 
C) humans 
D) tobacco plants 
E) bacteria and bacteriophages 
A) mice 
B) amoeba 
C) humans 
D) tobacco plants 
E) bacteria and bacteriophages

Question 19

Numerous Xenopus cells were exposed to varying amounts of ultraviolet light.Some of the resulting cells were observed to lack nucleoli.As a result,one would expect that the cell could not

Accepted Answer

A) perform cellular respiration. 
B) replicate its DNA. 
C) perform photosynthesis. 
D) synthesize ribosomal RNA. 
E) perform cellular respiration or replicate its DNA. 
A) perform cellular respiration. 
B) replicate its DNA. 
C) perform photosynthesis. 
D) synthesize ribosomal RNA. 
E) perform cellular respiration or replicate its DNA.

Question 20

________ demonstrated that there were equivalent amounts of adenine and thymine and equivalent amounts of guanine and cytosine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ demonstrated that there were equivalent amounts...

Exam 16: The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

Each of the following structures is found within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell except

Circular DNA molecules found in nature are

Heterochromatin is highly ________,thus constitutive heterochromatin plays a(n)________ role and facultative heterochromatin functions in ________.

The base composition in DNA isolated from cow liver cells is 28% adenine; what percent of the bases are cytosine?

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)would be helpful in determining

Alteration of histones by addition of methyl and acetyl groups to particular amino acids

Mitochondrial DNA can be used to identify a species based upon

The nuclear envelope functions as a

Which of the following are components of Chargaff's rules of bases?

________ is the process of synthesizing proteins based on the base sequences in mRNA molecules.

The information encoded in DNA is used within a cell in a two-stage process.The two stages of this process are called

________ are amino acid sequences that are recognized by importin,allowing proteins to enter the nucleus.

The proteins that compose the nuclear matrix and are implicated in a number of degenerative diseases are called ________.

The name given to double-stranded DNA that is twisted upon itself is ________.

Which of the following model organisms were used in experiments demonstrating that DNA was the genetic material?

Numerous Xenopus cells were exposed to varying amounts of ultraviolet light.Some of the resulting cells were observed to lack nucleoli.As a result,one would expect that the cell could not

________ demonstrated that there were equivalent amounts of adenine and thymine and equivalent amounts of guanine and cytosine.

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

Filters

Heterochromatin is highly ,thus constitutive heterochromatin plays a(n) role and facultative heterochromatin functions in .