Question 1

________ carbon atoms allow for the formation of ________,which are mirror images of each other.

Accepted Answer

Asymmetric; stereoisomers

Question 2

Monomers are removed from polymers by ________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) condensation 
B) hydrolysis 
C) neutralization 
D) substitution 
E) redox 
A) condensation 
B) hydrolysis 
C) neutralization 
D) substitution 
E) redox B

Question 3

Which of the following is important in protein folding after the formation of a polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen bonding 
B) ionic bonding 
C) van der Waals interactions 
D) hydrophobic interactions 
E) hydrogen bonding,ionic bonding,van de Waals interactions,and hydrophobic interactions. 
A) hydrogen bonding 
B) ionic bonding 
C) van der Waals interactions 
D) hydrophobic interactions 
E) hydrogen bonding,ionic bonding,van de Waals interactions,and hydrophobic interactions. E

Question 4

The moon lacks life and varies dramatically in temperature.If we could keep a layer of water spread on the surface of the moon,what effect would it have?

Accepted Answer

A) Physical conditions would remain the same. 
B) Because water has a high heat of vaporization,the temperatures would rise to the upper extremes. 
C) The temperatures would drop to the lower extremes. 
D) Water would absorb and hold heat and moderate the temperature extremes. 
E) Life would be possible,but it would have to withstand these extremes in temperature. 
A) Physical conditions would remain the same. 
B) Because water has a high heat of vaporization,the temperatures would rise to the upper extremes. 
C) The temperatures would drop to the lower extremes. 
D) Water would absorb and hold heat and moderate the temperature extremes. 
E) Life would be possible,but it would have to withstand these extremes in temperature.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of an asymmetric carbon atom?

Accepted Answer

A) Only amino acids have asymmetric carbon atoms. 
B) A carbon with hydrogens attached at two locations is usually asymmetric. 
C) A carbon with hydrogens attached at three locations is usually asymmetric. 
D) Asymmetric carbon atoms create stereoisomers. 
E) Molecules may have only one asymmetric carbon atom. 
A) Only amino acids have asymmetric carbon atoms. 
B) A carbon with hydrogens attached at two locations is usually asymmetric. 
C) A carbon with hydrogens attached at three locations is usually asymmetric. 
D) Asymmetric carbon atoms create stereoisomers. 
E) Molecules may have only one asymmetric carbon atom.

Question 6

Which of the following molecules is involved with assisted assembly?

Accepted Answer

A) water molecules 
B) helper proteins 
C) molecular chaperones 
D) tobacco mosaic viruses 
E) none of the above 
A) water molecules 
B) helper proteins 
C) molecular chaperones 
D) tobacco mosaic viruses 
E) none of the above

Question 7

A selectively ________ membrane is one that allows some molecules to pass through but not others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A selectively ________ membrane is one that...

Question 8

Which of the following sequences correctly lists the hierarchical nature of cellular structures,from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

A) organic molecules,supramolecular structures,macromolecules,organelles,cells 
B) organelles,organic molecules,supramolecular structures,macromolecules,cells 
C) organic molecules,macromolecules,organelles,supramolecular structures,cells 
D) organic molecules,macromolecules,supramolecular structures,organelles,cells 
E) macromolecules,organic molecules,supramolecular structures,organelles,cells 
A) organic molecules,supramolecular structures,macromolecules,organelles,cells 
B) organelles,organic molecules,supramolecular structures,macromolecules,cells 
C) organic molecules,macromolecules,organelles,supramolecular structures,cells 
D) organic molecules,macromolecules,supramolecular structures,organelles,cells 
E) macromolecules,organic molecules,supramolecular structures,organelles,cells

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the polymerization of macromolecules is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Often the energy needed for polymerization is supplied by ATP. 
B) The polymer chain usually has two different ends. 
C) Water is added to join the monomers of the macromolecules. 
D) A monomer is usually activated by the coupling of the monomer to a carrier. 
E) Macromolecules are synthesized by the stepwise addition of monomers. 
A) Often the energy needed for polymerization is supplied by ATP. 
B) The polymer chain usually has two different ends. 
C) Water is added to join the monomers of the macromolecules. 
D) A monomer is usually activated by the coupling of the monomer to a carrier. 
E) Macromolecules are synthesized by the stepwise addition of monomers.

Question 10

Which of the following molecules is most likely to cross the cell membrane directly by passive diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) fructose (a sugar) 
C) a steroid hormone (a hydrocarbon) 
D) insulin (a polypeptide) 
E) fructose and insulin 
A) Na+ 
B) fructose (a sugar) 
C) a steroid hormone (a hydrocarbon) 
D) insulin (a polypeptide) 
E) fructose and insulin

Question 11

While synthesizing a new blue pigment,a chemist notices that the new compound accumulates between an aqueous (water)environment and a hydrophobic environment.When added to a mixture of oil and water,the pigment creates a blue ring around the droplets of oil.Which of the following statements best describes this new pigment?

Accepted Answer

A) The pigment is a polar molecule and is forming hydrogen bonds with both the water and oil molecules. 
B) The pigment is hydrophilic and will not form hydrophobic bonds with the oil. 
C) The pigment is amphipathic,having polar and nonpolar regions. 
D) The pigment is neither polar nor nonpolar; it is apolar. 
E) The pigment is probably hydrophobic and is attempting to bond with the oil. 
A) The pigment is a polar molecule and is forming hydrogen bonds with both the water and oil molecules. 
B) The pigment is hydrophilic and will not form hydrophobic bonds with the oil. 
C) The pigment is amphipathic,having polar and nonpolar regions. 
D) The pigment is neither polar nor nonpolar; it is apolar. 
E) The pigment is probably hydrophobic and is attempting to bond with the oil.

Question 12

Ionic bonds are important in biological structures.Which of the following pairs of molecules would form an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A) two water molecules 
B) two amino acids with oppositely charged functional groups 
C) two different stereoisomers of the same sugar 
D) two phospholipids 
E) a water molecule and a lipid 
A) two water molecules 
B) two amino acids with oppositely charged functional groups 
C) two different stereoisomers of the same sugar 
D) two phospholipids 
E) a water molecule and a lipid

Question 13

Why is a selectively permeable membrane so important to living things?

Accepted Answer

A) It allows cells to attach to adjacent tissues. 
B) It provides a good barrier between the inside and outside of the cell. 
C) Proteins will avoid a selectively permeable membrane. 
D) The membrane may absorb several times its weight in cholesterol. 
E) All of the above. 
A) It allows cells to attach to adjacent tissues. 
B) It provides a good barrier between the inside and outside of the cell. 
C) Proteins will avoid a selectively permeable membrane. 
D) The membrane may absorb several times its weight in cholesterol. 
E) All of the above.

Question 14

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A) glycogen 
B) fructose 
C) cellulose 
D) starch 
E) All of the above are structural polysaccharides. 
A) glycogen 
B) fructose 
C) cellulose 
D) starch 
E) All of the above are structural polysaccharides.

Question 15

For each of the three basic macromolecules (proteins,polysaccharides,and nucleic acids),identify the monomer,its activated/carrier form,and one or two basic functions.

Accepted Answer

Proteins: amino acids; amino acids bound

Question 16

A hypothetical automobile has 100 parts that are to be assembled by four workers.During the car's assembly,each worker constructs 25 parts individually,and then the 4 resulting components are assembled together.The manner in which the car was assembled is much like which cellular strategy?

Accepted Answer

A) hierarchical assembly 
B) renaturation 
C) electrostatic assembly 
D) self-assembly 
E) assisted self-assembly 
A) hierarchical assembly 
B) renaturation 
C) electrostatic assembly 
D) self-assembly 
E) assisted self-assembly

Question 17

The hierarchical nature of cellular structure is accurately illustrated in which of the following lists of substances (from smallest to largest)?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotides,chromosome,DNA,nucleus,cell 
B) cellulose,glucose,cell wall,cell 
C) nucleotides,nucleus,DNA,chromosome,cell 
D) nucleotides,DNA,chromosome,nucleus,cell 
E) protein,membrane,amino acids,chloroplast,cell 
A) nucleotides,chromosome,DNA,nucleus,cell 
B) cellulose,glucose,cell wall,cell 
C) nucleotides,nucleus,DNA,chromosome,cell 
D) nucleotides,DNA,chromosome,nucleus,cell 
E) protein,membrane,amino acids,chloroplast,cell

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning hydrocarbons is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Octane is a hydrocarbon. 
B) Hydrocarbons are insoluble in water. 
C) Hydrocarbons are the most abundant organic molecules in cells. 
D) Only hydrogen atoms are used to complete the valence requirements of carbon in hydrocarbons. 
E) Phospholipids have hydrocarbon tails. 
A) Octane is a hydrocarbon. 
B) Hydrocarbons are insoluble in water. 
C) Hydrocarbons are the most abundant organic molecules in cells. 
D) Only hydrogen atoms are used to complete the valence requirements of carbon in hydrocarbons. 
E) Phospholipids have hydrocarbon tails.

Question 19

________ is a method used to determine the chemical structure and measure the relative abundance of individual molecules in a sample based on their mass to charge ratio.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is a method used to determine...

Question 20

How do large polar and charged molecules cross biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

A) Large polar and charged molecules can't cross biological membranes. 
B) Large polar and charged molecules cross biological membranes via diffusion through the hydrophilic core of the membrane. 
C) Large polar and charged molecules must be hydrolyzed before they can cross a biological membrane. 
D) Large polar and charged molecules cross biological membranes via transport proteins that form hydrophilic channels through the membrane. 
E) Both A and C 
A) Large polar and charged molecules can't cross biological membranes. 
B) Large polar and charged molecules cross biological membranes via diffusion through the hydrophilic core of the membrane. 
C) Large polar and charged molecules must be hydrolyzed before they can cross a biological membrane. 
D) Large polar and charged molecules cross biological membranes via transport proteins that form hydrophilic channels through the membrane. 
E) Both A and C

Exam 2: The Chemistry of the Cell

________ carbon atoms allow for the formation of ________,which are mirror images of each other.

Monomers are removed from polymers by ________ reactions.

Which of the following is important in protein folding after the formation of a polypeptide?

The moon lacks life and varies dramatically in temperature.If we could keep a layer of water spread on the surface of the moon,what effect would it have?

Which of the following is true of an asymmetric carbon atom?

Which of the following molecules is involved with assisted assembly?

A selectively ________ membrane is one that allows some molecules to pass through but not others.

Which of the following sequences correctly lists the hierarchical nature of cellular structures,from smallest to largest?

Which of the following statements about the polymerization of macromolecules is false?

Which of the following molecules is most likely to cross the cell membrane directly by passive diffusion?

Ionic bonds are important in biological structures.Which of the following pairs of molecules would form an ionic bond?

Why is a selectively permeable membrane so important to living things?

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide?

For each of the three basic macromolecules (proteins,polysaccharides,and nucleic acids),identify the monomer,its activated/carrier form,and one or two basic functions.

A hypothetical automobile has 100 parts that are to be assembled by four workers.During the car's assembly,each worker constructs 25 parts individually,and then the 4 resulting components are assembled together.The manner in which the car was assembled is much like which cellular strategy?

The hierarchical nature of cellular structure is accurately illustrated in which of the following lists of substances (from smallest to largest)?

Which of the following statements concerning hydrocarbons is false?

________ is a method used to determine the chemical structure and measure the relative abundance of individual molecules in a sample based on their mass to charge ratio.

How do large polar and charged molecules cross biological membranes?

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

Filters

carbon atoms allow for the formation of ,which are mirror images of each other.