Question 1

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for transcribing tRNA in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerase I 
B) RNA polymerase II 
C) RNA polymerase III 
D) primase 
E) RNase H 
A) RNA polymerase I 
B) RNA polymerase II 
C) RNA polymerase III 
D) primase 
E) RNase H C

Question 2

A ________ is a complex of RNA and protein that serves to remove introns from pre-mRNA.

Accepted Answer

spliceosome

Question 3

You are interested in a eukaryotic protein involved in immunity,and you are attempting to express this protein in E.coli in order to produce large amounts of the protein.You have identified the gene and place a copy of the gene on a plasmid in E.coli next to a bacterial promoter sequence.You determine that lots of mRNA is made from your gene in your E.coli system,but the protein produced is larger and doesn't have the same properties as the eukaryotic protein you expected.What mistake have you made and how can you fix it?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic mRNA goes through extensive processing compared to prokaryotic mRNAs,including the removal of introns after transcription.Transcription appears to be working in the E.coli system,but the introns are still present in the mRNA when translation begins because prokaryotic translation begins as soon as the mRNA is produced.In order to fix the problem,you would need to determine the final sequence of the mature mRNA for the protein (after all introns are removed)and insert the DNA sequence without the introns next to the bacterial promoter on the plasmid.Other sequences,such as a 3' polyA tail or a 5' cap should not be necessary in a prokaryotic system.

Question 4

Which of the following most accurately describes the flow of information for retroviruses?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA → protein 
B) RNA → protein 
C) DNA → RNA → protein 
D) protein → RNA → DNA → protein 
E) RNA → DNA → RNA → protein 
A) DNA → protein 
B) RNA → protein 
C) DNA → RNA → protein 
D) protein → RNA → DNA → protein 
E) RNA → DNA → RNA → protein

Question 5

When evolutionary biologists examine DNA sequences of protein-coding genes,they observe that every third nucleotide changes more rapidly over time compare to other nucleotides.Based on the properties of the genetic code,why might this occur?

Accepted Answer

Answers should explain that the genetic

Question 6

In order to protect an mRNA from nuclease activity in the cytosol of a cell,a(n)________ is added to the 3' end during RNA processing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order to protect an mRNA from...

Question 7

A new antibiotic is able to bind the rho (ρ)factor associated with some transcription processes.As a result,this antibiotic would affect

Accepted Answer

A) initiation of transcription. 
B) elongation of transcription. 
C) binding of the RNA polymerase. 
D) termination of all transcription. 
E) termination of some transcription. 
A) initiation of transcription. 
B) elongation of transcription. 
C) binding of the RNA polymerase. 
D) termination of all transcription. 
E) termination of some transcription.

Question 8

You are studying a eukaryotic gene whose initial transcript is 1500 nucleotides in length.The mature mRNA derived from the gene is 1200 nucleotides in length.What is the most probable reason for the discrepancy?

Accepted Answer

A) a mutation that results in a shorter product 
B) removal of introns 
C) removal of exons 
D) mRNA breakage 
E) A mutation that results in a shorter product or mRNA breakage could have occurred. 
A) a mutation that results in a shorter product 
B) removal of introns 
C) removal of exons 
D) mRNA breakage 
E) A mutation that results in a shorter product or mRNA breakage could have occurred.

Question 9

An individual has been infected with a particular retrovirus.In order for the latent virus DNA to be inherited by subsequent generations stemming from this individual,it must be found

Accepted Answer

A) in germ line cells. 
B) in stem cells. 
C) at a point early in childhood. 
D) in all cells simultaneously. 
E) in somatic cells. 
A) in germ line cells. 
B) in stem cells. 
C) at a point early in childhood. 
D) in all cells simultaneously. 
E) in somatic cells.

Question 10

Transcription of ribosomal RNA is primarily the function of

Accepted Answer

A) primase. 
B) RNA polymerase I. 
C) RNA polymerase II. 
D) RNA polymerase III. 
E) mitochondrial RNA polymerase. 
A) primase. 
B) RNA polymerase I. 
C) RNA polymerase II. 
D) RNA polymerase III. 
E) mitochondrial RNA polymerase.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a true statement regarding the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A) The genetic code is degenerate. 
B) The genetic code is nearly universal,with only a few minor exceptions. 
C) The genetic code is nonoverlapping. 
D) The genetic code is triplet-based. 
E) Each codon represents a different amino acid. 
A) The genetic code is degenerate. 
B) The genetic code is nearly universal,with only a few minor exceptions. 
C) The genetic code is nonoverlapping. 
D) The genetic code is triplet-based. 
E) Each codon represents a different amino acid.

Question 12

An agent that would work well as an antibiotic against prokaryotic infection might target

Accepted Answer

A) the 50S large ribosomal subunit. 
B) RNA polymerase II. 
C) the 40S small ribosomal subunit. 
D) DNA polymerase. 
E) mitochondria. 
A) the 50S large ribosomal subunit. 
B) RNA polymerase II. 
C) the 40S small ribosomal subunit. 
D) DNA polymerase. 
E) mitochondria.

Question 13

One consequence of the lack of introns in bacterial genes is that

Accepted Answer

A) exons are eliminated during transcription. 
B) a 5' cap and poly (
A) tail can be added immediately. 
C) bacterial proteins are very short and not subject to mutation. 
D) translation can begins before transcription is complete because prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. 
E) integrated viral DNA is not recognized for transcription. 
A) exons are eliminated during transcription. 
B) a 5' cap and poly (
A) tail can be added immediately. 
C) bacterial proteins are very short and not subject to mutation. 
D) translation can begins before transcription is complete because prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. 
E) integrated viral DNA is not recognized for transcription.

Question 14

A more contemporary technique for identification of promoter sequences is the ________ assay.

Accepted Answer

chromatin

Question 15

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)is an example of a retrovirus.In order to prevent incorporation of the viral DNA into the host genome,antiretroviral drugs could

Accepted Answer

A) inhibit the viral reverse transcriptase. 
B) inhibit retro-RNA polymerase. 
C) inhibit polyadenine removal. 
D) inhibit the viral reverse transcriptase and polyadenine removal. 
E) None of these are good antiretroviral strategies. 
A) inhibit the viral reverse transcriptase. 
B) inhibit retro-RNA polymerase. 
C) inhibit polyadenine removal. 
D) inhibit the viral reverse transcriptase and polyadenine removal. 
E) None of these are good antiretroviral strategies.

Question 16

The coding regions of a eukaryotic gene are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The coding regions of a eukaryotic gene...

Question 17

Which of the following molecules can be considered a final product in the flow of information within a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) RNA 
C) protein 
D) lipid 
E) Protein or RNA can be the final product of a gene. 
A) DNA 
B) RNA 
C) protein 
D) lipid 
E) Protein or RNA can be the final product of a gene.

Question 18

Which of the following is not associated with mRNA processing in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) addition of a 5' methyl guanosine cap 
B) 3' polyadenylation 
C) removal of introns 
D) removal of exons 
E) removal of exons and introns 
A) addition of a 5' methyl guanosine cap 
B) 3' polyadenylation 
C) removal of introns 
D) removal of exons 
E) removal of exons and introns

Question 19

RNA polymerase II differs from RNA polymerase I and III by having

Accepted Answer

A) fewer amino acids at the N-terminus. 
B) additional amino acids at the N-terminus. 
C) fewer amino acids at the C-terminus. 
D) additional amino acids at the C-terminus. 
E) individual amino acids,but all three RNA polymerases are the same size. 
A) fewer amino acids at the N-terminus. 
B) additional amino acids at the N-terminus. 
C) fewer amino acids at the C-terminus. 
D) additional amino acids at the C-terminus. 
E) individual amino acids,but all three RNA polymerases are the same size.

Question 20

The technique used to initially identity promoter sequences was

Accepted Answer

A) DNA fingerprinting. 
B) chromosomal walking. 
C) DNA footprinting. 
D) chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. 
E) RNA protection. 
A) DNA fingerprinting. 
B) chromosomal walking. 
C) DNA footprinting. 
D) chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. 
E) RNA protection.

Exam 18: Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for transcribing tRNA in eukaryotic cells?

A ________ is a complex of RNA and protein that serves to remove introns from pre-mRNA.

Which of the following most accurately describes the flow of information for retroviruses?

When evolutionary biologists examine DNA sequences of protein-coding genes,they observe that every third nucleotide changes more rapidly over time compare to other nucleotides.Based on the properties of the genetic code,why might this occur?

In order to protect an mRNA from nuclease activity in the cytosol of a cell,a(n)________ is added to the 3' end during RNA processing.

A new antibiotic is able to bind the rho (ρ)factor associated with some transcription processes.As a result,this antibiotic would affect

You are studying a eukaryotic gene whose initial transcript is 1500 nucleotides in length.The mature mRNA derived from the gene is 1200 nucleotides in length.What is the most probable reason for the discrepancy?

An individual has been infected with a particular retrovirus.In order for the latent virus DNA to be inherited by subsequent generations stemming from this individual,it must be found

Transcription of ribosomal RNA is primarily the function of

Which of the following is not a true statement regarding the genetic code?

An agent that would work well as an antibiotic against prokaryotic infection might target

One consequence of the lack of introns in bacterial genes is that

A more contemporary technique for identification of promoter sequences is the ________ assay.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)is an example of a retrovirus.In order to prevent incorporation of the viral DNA into the host genome,antiretroviral drugs could

The coding regions of a eukaryotic gene are known as ________.

Which of the following molecules can be considered a final product in the flow of information within a cell?

Which of the following is not associated with mRNA processing in eukaryotes?

RNA polymerase II differs from RNA polymerase I and III by having

The technique used to initially identity promoter sequences was

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

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