Question 1

Disulfide bonds are often found to stabilize which of the following levels of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) primary,secondary,and tertiary 
E) None of these structures involve disulfide bonds. 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) primary,secondary,and tertiary 
E) None of these structures involve disulfide bonds. C

Question 2

Which of the following is not a major functional class of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) hereditary proteins 
B) enzymes 
C) motility proteins 
D) regulatory proteins 
E) structural proteins 
A) hereditary proteins 
B) enzymes 
C) motility proteins 
D) regulatory proteins 
E) structural proteins A

Question 3

Which of the following is a terpene?

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone 
B) vitamin A 
C) glycerol 
D) estrogen 
E) chitin 
A) testosterone 
B) vitamin A 
C) glycerol 
D) estrogen 
E) chitin B

Question 4

A transmembrane protein has 1000 amino acids.The fifth amino acid is found on the external surface of the cell membrane.It interacts with the aqueous environment outside the cell.Amino acids 25 and 205 are covalently bonded to each other and are required to give the protein its three-dimensional shape.Amino acid 554 is found on the outer surface of the protein,but it is deep in the interior of the membrane.Amino acid 979 is found on the external surface of the protein,where it forms a weak ionic bond with a chloride ion.Can you identify each of the numbered amino acids by structural group and name? Please note that there may be more than one specific amino acid possible in some cases.
Amino acids:
5
25
205
554
979

Accepted Answer

5: polar,charged or uncharged (hydrophil

Question 5

Two proteins associated with a rare neurodegenerative disorder have been sequenced.Protein A contains many polar amino acids with small regions containing nonpolar,hydrophobic amino acids.Protein B is rich in nonpolar,hydrophobic amino acids with only two small regions containing polar amino acids.What might this suggest about the two proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) The two proteins may have different secondary structures. 
B) Protein A is fibrous and Protein B is globular. 
C) Protein A may be a cytoplasmic protein and Protein B may be a membrane associate protein. 
D) Protein A and Protein B are complementary parts of a supramolecular structure. 
E) Protein A is most likely and enzyme and Protein B is most likely a storage protein. 
A) The two proteins may have different secondary structures. 
B) Protein A is fibrous and Protein B is globular. 
C) Protein A may be a cytoplasmic protein and Protein B may be a membrane associate protein. 
D) Protein A and Protein B are complementary parts of a supramolecular structure. 
E) Protein A is most likely and enzyme and Protein B is most likely a storage protein.

Question 6

The chemical nature of each amino acid is determined by which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A) amino 
B) carboxyl 
C) hydroxyl 
D) R 
E) hydrogen 
A) amino 
B) carboxyl 
C) hydroxyl 
D) R 
E) hydrogen

Question 7

Amylose,cellulose,and glycogen are all polysaccharides composed of glucose.What makes each of these polysaccharides unique in spite of the fact that all are composed solely of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Amylose: is produced by plants and is a

Question 8

The components of a nucleotide are

Accepted Answer

A) a carboxyl group,an amine group,and a variable R group. 
B) a five-carbon sugar,a phosphate group,and a nitrogen-containing aromatic base. 
C) a three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group on each carbon and three fatty acids. 
D) two six-carbon sugars attached with an α(1→4)glycosidic bond. 
E) a six-carbon sugar,an ester linkage,and a four-ringed hydrocarbon. 
A) a carboxyl group,an amine group,and a variable R group. 
B) a five-carbon sugar,a phosphate group,and a nitrogen-containing aromatic base. 
C) a three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group on each carbon and three fatty acids. 
D) two six-carbon sugars attached with an α(1→4)glycosidic bond. 
E) a six-carbon sugar,an ester linkage,and a four-ringed hydrocarbon.

Question 9

The nucleoside triphosphate molecules in DNA are linked together in the 5'→3' by a(n)________ bridge.

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate 
B) covalent 
C) phosphodiester 
D) peptide 
E) phosphatidyl 
A) phosphate 
B) covalent 
C) phosphodiester 
D) peptide 
E) phosphatidyl

Question 10

Which of the following is not a steroid?

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone 
B) estradiol 
C) cortisol 
D) aldosterone 
E) phenylalanine 
A) testosterone 
B) estradiol 
C) cortisol 
D) aldosterone 
E) phenylalanine

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the six classes of lipids?

Accepted Answer

A) steroids 
B) terpenes 
C) fatty acids 
D) triacylglycerols 
E) pectins 
A) steroids 
B) terpenes 
C) fatty acids 
D) triacylglycerols 
E) pectins

Question 12

Give an example of both fibrous and globular proteins and explain how their structure relates to their unique functions.

Accepted Answer

Fibrous proteins such as (silk,collagen,

Question 13

________ RNA is a component of the ribosomes that serve as the site of protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ RNA is a component of the...

Question 14

Which of the following accurately describes the structure of fibrous proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) Fibrous proteins usually contain a number of different domains with different structural motifs. 
B) Fibrous proteins are composed of an equal mixture of α helices and β sheets with interconnecting looped segments. 
C) Fibrous proteins have an extensive tertiary and quaternary structure that affects the strength and elasticity of each fiber. 
D) Fibrous proteins have a simple primary structure and very little secondary structure,resulting in long,thin fibers. 
E) Fibrous proteins are usually composed of either α helices or β sheets throughout the molecule,giving them a highly ordered,repetitive structure. 
A) Fibrous proteins usually contain a number of different domains with different structural motifs. 
B) Fibrous proteins are composed of an equal mixture of α helices and β sheets with interconnecting looped segments. 
C) Fibrous proteins have an extensive tertiary and quaternary structure that affects the strength and elasticity of each fiber. 
D) Fibrous proteins have a simple primary structure and very little secondary structure,resulting in long,thin fibers. 
E) Fibrous proteins are usually composed of either α helices or β sheets throughout the molecule,giving them a highly ordered,repetitive structure.

Question 15

For the amino acid glutamine,the three-letter abbreviation is ________ and the one-letter abbreviation is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the amino acid glutamine,the three-letter abbreviation...

Question 16

Which of the following is not a polymer of numerous monomer units?

Accepted Answer

A) a phospholipid 
B) a polypeptide 
C) an RNA molecule 
D) cellulose 
E) starch 
A) a phospholipid 
B) a polypeptide 
C) an RNA molecule 
D) cellulose 
E) starch

Question 17

Which of the following is found exclusively in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) thymine 
B) guanine 
C) uracil 
D) adenine 
E) cytosine 
A) thymine 
B) guanine 
C) uracil 
D) adenine 
E) cytosine

Question 18

You are researching a cytoplasmic protein associated with a nerve disorder.The native form of the enzyme appears to be globular protein; however,when a sample of the purified protein is treated with a chemical that reduces disulfide bonds,the enzymatic activity decreases dramatically and multiple globular proteins can be detected in the sample.What does this tell you about the protein?

Accepted Answer

A) The primary structure of the protein contains multiple cysteine residues that are hydrolyzed by the chemical reductant. 
B) The protein is most likely composed of multiple polypeptide chains that are held together by disulfide bonds. 
C) The protein is most likely composed of α helices that are held together by disulfide bonds. 
D) The protein is most likely composed of β sheets that are held together by disulfide bonds. 
E) The primary and secondary structure of the protein depends on disulfide bonds. 
A) The primary structure of the protein contains multiple cysteine residues that are hydrolyzed by the chemical reductant. 
B) The protein is most likely composed of multiple polypeptide chains that are held together by disulfide bonds. 
C) The protein is most likely composed of α helices that are held together by disulfide bonds. 
D) The protein is most likely composed of β sheets that are held together by disulfide bonds. 
E) The primary and secondary structure of the protein depends on disulfide bonds.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of glycolipids?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycolipids are usually found on the exterior surface of the plasma membrane. 
B) Glycolipids are found in plastids and are used to store energy. 
C) Fructose and sucrose are often part of glycolipids. 
D) Glycolipids contain steroids. 
E) Usually more than 10 sugar units are attached to the glycolipid. 
A) Glycolipids are usually found on the exterior surface of the plasma membrane. 
B) Glycolipids are found in plastids and are used to store energy. 
C) Fructose and sucrose are often part of glycolipids. 
D) Glycolipids contain steroids. 
E) Usually more than 10 sugar units are attached to the glycolipid.

Question 20

Proline is referred to as the "helix breaker" because

Accepted Answer

A) its only found in the L form,which is incompatible with helical protein structure. 
B) it lacks the hydrogen atom needed for hydrogen bonding. 
C) it lacks a charged functional groups for ionic bonding. 
D) it is hydrophobic. 
E) it has a polar functional group. 
A) its only found in the L form,which is incompatible with helical protein structure. 
B) it lacks the hydrogen atom needed for hydrogen bonding. 
C) it lacks a charged functional groups for ionic bonding. 
D) it is hydrophobic. 
E) it has a polar functional group.

Exam 3: The Macromolecules of the Cell

Disulfide bonds are often found to stabilize which of the following levels of protein structure?

Which of the following is not a major functional class of proteins?

Which of the following is a terpene?

The chemical nature of each amino acid is determined by which of the following groups?

Amylose,cellulose,and glycogen are all polysaccharides composed of glucose.What makes each of these polysaccharides unique in spite of the fact that all are composed solely of glucose?

The components of a nucleotide are

The nucleoside triphosphate molecules in DNA are linked together in the 5'→3' by a(n)________ bridge.

Which of the following is not a steroid?

Which of the following is not one of the six classes of lipids?

Give an example of both fibrous and globular proteins and explain how their structure relates to their unique functions.

________ RNA is a component of the ribosomes that serve as the site of protein synthesis.

Which of the following accurately describes the structure of fibrous proteins?

For the amino acid glutamine,the three-letter abbreviation is ________ and the one-letter abbreviation is ________.

Which of the following is not a polymer of numerous monomer units?

Which of the following is found exclusively in RNA?

Which of the following is true of glycolipids?

Proline is referred to as the "helix breaker" because

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Chemistry of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

Filters

For the amino acid glutamine,the three-letter abbreviation is and the one-letter abbreviation is .