Question 1

The ________ are enzymes that link amino acids with their appropriate tRNAs.

Accepted Answer

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Question 2

The anticodon base ________ is able to bind U,C,or A,allowing for wobble in the anticodon region during translation.

Accepted Answer

inosine (I)

Question 3

The ________ allows for flexibility in the codon-anticodon interaction at the third position.

Accepted Answer

wobble hypothesis

Question 4

The mRNA is translated in the 3ʹ to 5ʹ direction in

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria. 
B) eukaryotes. 
C) archaea. 
D) eukaryotes,bacteria,and archaea. 
E) None of these. 
A) bacteria. 
B) eukaryotes. 
C) archaea. 
D) eukaryotes,bacteria,and archaea. 
E) None of these.

Question 5

Intramolecular protein splicing results in the formation of the final protein and the

Accepted Answer

A) protease. 
B) proteasome. 
C) inteins. 
D) exteins. 
E) None of these. 
A) protease. 
B) proteasome. 
C) inteins. 
D) exteins. 
E) None of these.

Question 6

________ is an intramolecular post-translational process that allows for self-catalytic removal of specific amino acid sequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is an intramolecular post-translational process that...

Question 7

Which of the following statements is not true concerning peptidyl transferase?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a ribozyme having catalytic activity. 
B) It catalyzes peptide bond formation. 
C) It moves the ribosome,so translation continues. 
D) It is associated with the large subunit of ribosomes. 
E) It requires no outside source of additional energy,such as ATP. 
A) It is a ribozyme having catalytic activity. 
B) It catalyzes peptide bond formation. 
C) It moves the ribosome,so translation continues. 
D) It is associated with the large subunit of ribosomes. 
E) It requires no outside source of additional energy,such as ATP.

Question 8

In bacteria,a unique RNA that binds the A site of the ribosome and directs the addition of approximately 12 amino acids to the nascent peptide when no stop codon is present is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

tmRNA or t

Question 9

An E.coli strain contains a mutation in the malate dehydrogenase gene that results in a stop codon at amino acid position 14.From subcultures of this strain,a colony was obtained that was capable of making malate dehydrogenase.Your approach to examining this phenomenon should be to examine

Accepted Answer

A) the DNA sequence to see if a reversion has occurred. 
B) the DNA sequence to see if a suppressor mutation has occurred. 
C) other proteins to see if other stop codons are ignored,indicating the presence of a suppressor tRNA. 
D) the DNA and plasmids for the incorporation of a second complete copy of the malate dehydrogenase gene. 
E) All of these approaches need to be considered. 
A) the DNA sequence to see if a reversion has occurred. 
B) the DNA sequence to see if a suppressor mutation has occurred. 
C) other proteins to see if other stop codons are ignored,indicating the presence of a suppressor tRNA. 
D) the DNA and plasmids for the incorporation of a second complete copy of the malate dehydrogenase gene. 
E) All of these approaches need to be considered.

Question 10

Which of the following activities is not associated with post-translational processing?

Accepted Answer

A) glycosylation 
B) specific cleavage of polypeptides 
C) chaperonin activity 
D) addition of lipid groups 
E) polyadenylation 
A) glycosylation 
B) specific cleavage of polypeptides 
C) chaperonin activity 
D) addition of lipid groups 
E) polyadenylation

Question 11

________ degrades mRNAs that contain no stop codons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ degrades mRNAs that contain no stop...

Question 12

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is based on the ________ of the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sequence of amino acids in a...

Question 13

Discuss some of the possible ways in which nonsense mutations can potentially be suppressed in a cell.

Accepted Answer

Discussions include: organisms that have

Question 14

The normal sequence of genes along a hypothetical chromosome is ABC*DEFGH,where letters represent genes and the asterisk (*)represents the centromere.A mutation event results in a chromosome in which the sequence of genes is ABC*DGFEH.This type of mutation is

Accepted Answer

A) a nonsense mutation. 
B) an inversion. 
C) a translocation. 
D) a duplication. 
E) a point mutation. 
A) a nonsense mutation. 
B) an inversion. 
C) a translocation. 
D) a duplication. 
E) a point mutation.

Question 15

During initiation of translation in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes the ________ binds before the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) large ribosomal subunit; small ribosomal subunit 
B) small ribosomal subunit; large ribosomal subunit 
C) EF-Tu; tRNA 
D) EF-G; EF-Tu 
E) ribosomes; initiation factors 
A) large ribosomal subunit; small ribosomal subunit 
B) small ribosomal subunit; large ribosomal subunit 
C) EF-Tu; tRNA 
D) EF-G; EF-Tu 
E) ribosomes; initiation factors

Question 16

Inosine is found

Accepted Answer

A) in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. 
B) in some eukaryotic elongation factors. 
C) in rRNA. 
D) in the third position of some codons. 
E) in the third position of some anticodons. 
A) in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. 
B) in some eukaryotic elongation factors. 
C) in rRNA. 
D) in the third position of some codons. 
E) in the third position of some anticodons.

Question 17

How do proteins become embedded in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

A) by protein chaperones that insert polypeptides into the ER membrane 
B) by splicing of proteins on either side of the ER membrane 
C) via stop- and start-transfer sequences that stop and start translocation of a polypeptide through the ER membrane,resulting in transmembrane proteins 
D) by post-translational import can results in a transmembrane ER protein 
E) via transit sequences that target polypeptides made in the cytosol for the ER membrane 
A) by protein chaperones that insert polypeptides into the ER membrane 
B) by splicing of proteins on either side of the ER membrane 
C) via stop- and start-transfer sequences that stop and start translocation of a polypeptide through the ER membrane,resulting in transmembrane proteins 
D) by post-translational import can results in a transmembrane ER protein 
E) via transit sequences that target polypeptides made in the cytosol for the ER membrane

Question 18

Messenger RNAs containing premature stop codons are destroyed by the mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A) nonstop decay. 
B) directed RNase activity. 
C) nonsense-mediated decay. 
D) error-mediated repair. 
E) None of these mechanisms. 
A) nonstop decay. 
B) directed RNase activity. 
C) nonsense-mediated decay. 
D) error-mediated repair. 
E) None of these mechanisms.

Question 19

You are attempting to determine which step of prokaryotic translation a new antibiotic inhibits.You have determined that the antibiotic interacts with a translational factor but need to identify which one.If the new antibiotic interferes with elongation,which of the following factors could be a potential site of action?

Accepted Answer

A) IF3 interaction with an aminoacyl tRNA 
B) EF-Tu placement of N-formylmethionine onto the ribosome 
C) EF-Tu interaction with an aminoacyl tRNA 
D) EF-Ts translocation of tRNAs from the A site to the P site 
E) All of these could be potential sites of action. 
A) IF3 interaction with an aminoacyl tRNA 
B) EF-Tu placement of N-formylmethionine onto the ribosome 
C) EF-Tu interaction with an aminoacyl tRNA 
D) EF-Ts translocation of tRNAs from the A site to the P site 
E) All of these could be potential sites of action.

Question 20

Cells that use the amino acids selenocysteine and pyrrolysine have

Accepted Answer

A) two more codons compared to other cells. 
B) two more tRNAs compared to other cells. 
C) two more aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases compared to other cells. 
D) two more tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA syntheses compared to other cells. 
E) inosine at the third position of their tRNA anticodons to accommodate these amino acids. 
A) two more codons compared to other cells. 
B) two more tRNAs compared to other cells. 
C) two more aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases compared to other cells. 
D) two more tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA syntheses compared to other cells. 
E) inosine at the third position of their tRNA anticodons to accommodate these amino acids.

Exam 19: Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The ________ are enzymes that link amino acids with their appropriate tRNAs.

The anticodon base ________ is able to bind U,C,or A,allowing for wobble in the anticodon region during translation.

The ________ allows for flexibility in the codon-anticodon interaction at the third position.

The mRNA is translated in the 3ʹ to 5ʹ direction in

Intramolecular protein splicing results in the formation of the final protein and the

________ is an intramolecular post-translational process that allows for self-catalytic removal of specific amino acid sequences.

Which of the following statements is not true concerning peptidyl transferase?

In bacteria,a unique RNA that binds the A site of the ribosome and directs the addition of approximately 12 amino acids to the nascent peptide when no stop codon is present is called the ________.

An E.coli strain contains a mutation in the malate dehydrogenase gene that results in a stop codon at amino acid position 14.From subcultures of this strain,a colony was obtained that was capable of making malate dehydrogenase.Your approach to examining this phenomenon should be to examine

Which of the following activities is not associated with post-translational processing?

________ degrades mRNAs that contain no stop codons.

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is based on the ________ of the mRNA.

Discuss some of the possible ways in which nonsense mutations can potentially be suppressed in a cell.

The normal sequence of genes along a hypothetical chromosome is ABC*DEFGH,where letters represent genes and the asterisk (*)represents the centromere.A mutation event results in a chromosome in which the sequence of genes is ABC*DGFEH.This type of mutation is

During initiation of translation in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes the ________ binds before the ________.

Inosine is found

How do proteins become embedded in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Messenger RNAs containing premature stop codons are destroyed by the mechanism of

Cells that use the amino acids selenocysteine and pyrrolysine have

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

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The normal sequence of genes along a hypothetical chromosome is ABCDEFGH,where letters represent genes and the asterisk ()represents the centromere.A mutation event results in a chromosome in which the sequence of genes is ABC*DGFEH.This type of mutation is

During initiation of translation in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes the binds before the .