Question 1

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis separates

Accepted Answer

A) DNA fragments based on nucleotide sequence and fragment length. 
B) proteins based on affinity for the gel matrix and size of each protein. 
C) genomes based on size and structure (linear or circular)of each genome. 
D) RNA based on the charge and size of each RNA molecule. 
E) proteins based on the charge and size of each protein. 
A) DNA fragments based on nucleotide sequence and fragment length. 
B) proteins based on affinity for the gel matrix and size of each protein. 
C) genomes based on size and structure (linear or circular)of each genome. 
D) RNA based on the charge and size of each RNA molecule. 
E) proteins based on the charge and size of each protein. E

Question 2

BLAST (basic local alignment search tool)is a bioinformatics tool that allows users to find proteins and nucleotides based on searching for ________.

Accepted Answer

homologous sequences OR similar protein or nucleotide sequences

Question 3

The online Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST)allows users to

Accepted Answer

A) predict the proteome of a cell under different conditions. 
B) align their genome with that of others to explore differences among humans. 
C) search molecular biology databases for nucleotide or protein sequences similar to a query sequence. 
D) search their own genome for single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with disease. 
E) search a database to identify individuals based on their DNA fingerprint. 
A) predict the proteome of a cell under different conditions. 
B) align their genome with that of others to explore differences among humans. 
C) search molecular biology databases for nucleotide or protein sequences similar to a query sequence. 
D) search their own genome for single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with disease. 
E) search a database to identify individuals based on their DNA fingerprint. C

Question 4

Next-generation sequencing methods are revolutionizing biology research and human medicine because they

Accepted Answer

A) can generate large amounts of sequence data on many samples in parallel. 
B) are reducing the cost of sequencing. 
C) are increasing the length and reliability of each sequence read. 
D) can generate sequence data from very small amounts of DNA. 
E) can generate large amounts of sequence data on many samples in parallel,generate sequence data from very small amounts of DNA,and are reducing the cost of sequencing. 
A) can generate large amounts of sequence data on many samples in parallel. 
B) are reducing the cost of sequencing. 
C) are increasing the length and reliability of each sequence read. 
D) can generate sequence data from very small amounts of DNA. 
E) can generate large amounts of sequence data on many samples in parallel,generate sequence data from very small amounts of DNA,and are reducing the cost of sequencing.

Question 5

Transgenic organisms can be created by

Accepted Answer

A) electroporation. 
B) direct injection. 
C) infection with a vector. 
D) cloning. 
E) electroporation,direct injection,or infection with a vector. 
A) electroporation. 
B) direct injection. 
C) infection with a vector. 
D) cloning. 
E) electroporation,direct injection,or infection with a vector.

Question 6

________ is the use of sequences to target molecular complexes to specific genomic sites,where the genomic DNA is directly altered.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the use of sequences to...

Question 7

You have constructed a genomic library of Felis catus (domestic cat)in E.coli.You extract the plasmid DNA from the clones,digest the plasmid with restriction enzymes,separate the resulting fragments by gel electrophoresis,and transfer the fragments to a nylon membrane by the Southern blot procedure.You then use a fluorescently labeled probe that is complementary to a gene of interest that may be involved in feline lymphoma.The DNA corresponding to one clone yields a single fluorescent DNA band after probing the Southern blot.Based on this information

Accepted Answer

A) all of the clones tested,except the one described,have the gene of interest. 
B) only the one clone described has the gene of interest. 
C) the gene of interest is located entirely on the fluorescent DNA band. 
D) the part of the gene complementary to the probe is located on the fluorescent DNA band. 
E) only the one clone described contains the part of the gene complementary to the probe on the fluorescent DNA band. 
A) all of the clones tested,except the one described,have the gene of interest. 
B) only the one clone described has the gene of interest. 
C) the gene of interest is located entirely on the fluorescent DNA band. 
D) the part of the gene complementary to the probe is located on the fluorescent DNA band. 
E) only the one clone described contains the part of the gene complementary to the probe on the fluorescent DNA band.

Question 8

The area of study that is involved with comparing genome characteristics and entire genome sequences is called ________.

Accepted Answer

comparativ

Question 9

The ENCODE project (Encyclopedia of DNA elements)is unique because it seeks to not only identify ________ but also to try to identify genes that produce noncoding RNAs; DNA that regulates gene expression,including enhancers,silencers,and promoters; and epigenetic changes in the genome.

Accepted Answer

protein-coding genes

Question 10

________ is the sequencing and assembly of random,overlapping cloned DNA fragments into long,contiguous sequences.

Accepted Answer

Shotgun sequencing O

Question 11

You are given the task of restriction-mapping a portion of a 10 kb linear genome fragment from a virus.You digest the fragment with BamHI and,upon gel electrophoresis,observe bands corresponding to 4 kb,5 kb and 1 kb.When you digest the fragment with the enzyme HindII,you observe bands corresponding to 4 kb and 3 kb.When you digest the 10 kb fragment with both enzymes,you observe bands corresponding to 3 kb,2 kb,and 1 kb,although the 2 kb band is much brighter than the other two bands.Based on this information,draw the restriction map of the 10 kb fragment.

Accepted Answer

B B @#IMG-DLM&
 B = BamHI restriction si

Question 12

Which of the following terms is used to indicate the entire set of proteins that can be made by a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) transcriptome 
B) genome 
C) proteome 
D) metabolome 
E) exome 
A) transcriptome 
B) genome 
C) proteome 
D) metabolome 
E) exome

Question 13

A genetic element which can replicate autonomously when introduced into a cell grown in culture is a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A genetic element which can replicate autonomously...

Question 14

The Ti plasmid is crucial to genetic engineering in plants.The key feature of the Ti plasmid is that it

Accepted Answer

A) uses the CRISPR/Cas system to edit the plant genome. 
B) only replicates in bacterial cells. 
C) uses zinc finger nucleases (TALENs)to edit the plant genome. 
D) leads to insertion of a part of the plasmid DNA into the plant cell chromosomal DNA. 
E) acts as an artificial chromosome within plant cells. 
A) uses the CRISPR/Cas system to edit the plant genome. 
B) only replicates in bacterial cells. 
C) uses zinc finger nucleases (TALENs)to edit the plant genome. 
D) leads to insertion of a part of the plasmid DNA into the plant cell chromosomal DNA. 
E) acts as an artificial chromosome within plant cells.

Question 15

________ separates proteins based on their attraction to a specific molecule attached to the surface of the matrix (or beads)of a chromatography column.

Accepted Answer

Affinity c

Question 16

The normal gene for hemoglobin was isolated,cloned in E.coli,and subjected to restriction enzyme digestion with BamHI.Following gel electrophoresis,three bands are routinely obtained.However,following the same procedure with the hemoglobin gene from an individual with sickle cell anemia,four bands are routinely obtained.These data suggest that

Accepted Answer

A) the mutation associated with sickle cell anemia results in DNA that breaks easily. 
B) the mutation associated with sickle cell anemia results in the loss of a BamHI cut site. 
C) the mutation associated with sickle cell anemia results in several new enzyme cut sites for a variety of restriction enzymes. 
D) the mutation associated with sickle cell anemia results in the gain of a BamHI cut site. 
E) the assay was not performed correctly. 
A) the mutation associated with sickle cell anemia results in DNA that breaks easily. 
B) the mutation associated with sickle cell anemia results in the loss of a BamHI cut site. 
C) the mutation associated with sickle cell anemia results in several new enzyme cut sites for a variety of restriction enzymes. 
D) the mutation associated with sickle cell anemia results in the gain of a BamHI cut site. 
E) the assay was not performed correctly.

Question 17

Which of the following choices most likely lists the sizes of the four DNA fragments in lane 6 (from top to bottom)of this agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide? (Note: The well that the DNA was loaded into is at the top of the gel image.)

Accepted Answer

A) 600 bp,450 bp,300 bp,100 bp 
B) 100 bp,300 bp,450 bp,600 bp 
C) 400 bp,300 bp,600 bp,100 bp 
D) 300 bp,400 bp,100 bp,600 bp 
E) DNA fragment size can't be estimated using an agarose gel. 
A) 600 bp,450 bp,300 bp,100 bp 
B) 100 bp,300 bp,450 bp,600 bp 
C) 400 bp,300 bp,600 bp,100 bp 
D) 300 bp,400 bp,100 bp,600 bp 
E) DNA fragment size can't be estimated using an agarose gel.

Question 18

What new field combines computer science and biology to understand sequence data?

Accepted Answer

A) transcriptomics 
B) genome editing 
C) bioinformatics 
D) recombinant DNA technology 
E) genetic engineering 
A) transcriptomics 
B) genome editing 
C) bioinformatics 
D) recombinant DNA technology 
E) genetic engineering

Question 19

You have determined the base sequence for a gene from Felis catus (domestic cat)that you believe may be involved in feline leukemia.A blastn search returns nucleotide sequences from viruses,not mammals,although the similarity is very low.What other techniques or bioinformatic tools could you use to investigate the function of this gene?

Accepted Answer

A) RNAseq 
B) tblastx search 
C) Northern blot analysis 
D) protein blast 
E) RNAseq and Northern blot analysis 
A) RNAseq 
B) tblastx search 
C) Northern blot analysis 
D) protein blast 
E) RNAseq and Northern blot analysis

Question 20

You are interested in studying the expression of a gene associated with human cancer during fetal development.Which of the following might be useful to study the expression of this gene over time?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA microarrays 
B) genome-wide association studies 
C) Southern blot analysis 
D) in situ hybridization 
E) DNA microarrays and in situ hybridization 
A) DNA microarrays 
B) genome-wide association studies 
C) Southern blot analysis 
D) in situ hybridization 
E) DNA microarrays and in situ hybridization

Exam 21: Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis separates

BLAST (basic local alignment search tool)is a bioinformatics tool that allows users to find proteins and nucleotides based on searching for ________.

The online Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST)allows users to

Next-generation sequencing methods are revolutionizing biology research and human medicine because they

Transgenic organisms can be created by

________ is the use of sequences to target molecular complexes to specific genomic sites,where the genomic DNA is directly altered.

The area of study that is involved with comparing genome characteristics and entire genome sequences is called ________.

The ENCODE project (Encyclopedia of DNA elements)is unique because it seeks to not only identify ________ but also to try to identify genes that produce noncoding RNAs; DNA that regulates gene expression,including enhancers,silencers,and promoters; and epigenetic changes in the genome.

________ is the sequencing and assembly of random,overlapping cloned DNA fragments into long,contiguous sequences.

Which of the following terms is used to indicate the entire set of proteins that can be made by a cell?

A genetic element which can replicate autonomously when introduced into a cell grown in culture is a ________.

The Ti plasmid is crucial to genetic engineering in plants.The key feature of the Ti plasmid is that it

________ separates proteins based on their attraction to a specific molecule attached to the surface of the matrix (or beads)of a chromatography column.

Which of the following choices most likely lists the sizes of the four DNA fragments in lane 6 (from top to bottom)of this agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide? (Note: The well that the DNA was loaded into is at the top of the gel image.)

What new field combines computer science and biology to understand sequence data?

You are interested in studying the expression of a gene associated with human cancer during fetal development.Which of the following might be useful to study the expression of this gene over time?

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

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