Question 1

Physiology is the study of function and can come in many forms, including plant physiology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What cells secrete insulin?

Accepted Answer

A) exocrine cells 
B) beta cells 
C) collagen cells 
D) neurons 
E) alpha cells 
A) exocrine cells 
B) beta cells 
C) collagen cells 
D) neurons 
E) alpha cells

Question 3

What is the primary reason the prevalence of diabetes is increasing in the U.S. population?

Accepted Answer

A) lack of physical activity 
B) the U.S. diet 
C) an aging population 
D) obesity 
E) sedentary lifestyles 
A) lack of physical activity 
B) the U.S. diet 
C) an aging population 
D) obesity 
E) sedentary lifestyles

Question 4

What are the two major consequences for those who suffer from diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A) high blood glucose and excessive urination 
B) low blood sugar and fainting 
C) high blood glucose and excessive thirst 
D) high blood glucose and glucose in the urine 
E) high blood glucose and cells that cannot utilize that glucose for energy 
A) high blood glucose and excessive urination 
B) low blood sugar and fainting 
C) high blood glucose and excessive thirst 
D) high blood glucose and glucose in the urine 
E) high blood glucose and cells that cannot utilize that glucose for energy

Question 5

Which statement below best defines homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) Homeostasis is the process whereby the body changes with the external environment. 
B) Homeostasis refers to the regulation of temperature in the human body. 
C) Homeostasis is maintained through positive feedback loops. 
D) Homeostasis means all regulated variables are at the set point. 
E) Homeostasis is the process whereby the body maintains the internal environment in a state compatible for life. 
A) Homeostasis is the process whereby the body changes with the external environment. 
B) Homeostasis refers to the regulation of temperature in the human body. 
C) Homeostasis is maintained through positive feedback loops. 
D) Homeostasis means all regulated variables are at the set point. 
E) Homeostasis is the process whereby the body maintains the internal environment in a state compatible for life.

Question 6

What organ system includes the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

A) endocrine 
B) nervous 
C) immune 
D) cardiovascular 
E) integumentary 
A) endocrine 
B) nervous 
C) immune 
D) cardiovascular 
E) integumentary

Question 7

What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?

Accepted Answer

A) One causes diarrhea; the other causes diuresis. 
B) One is a lack of ADH secretion; the other a resistance to ADH. 
C) One is a lack of insulin secretion; the other a resistance to insulin. 
D) One causes increased fluid loss; the other causes increased thirst. 
E) One is a deficit in insulin activity; the other a deficit in ADH activity. 
A) One causes diarrhea; the other causes diuresis. 
B) One is a lack of ADH secretion; the other a resistance to ADH. 
C) One is a lack of insulin secretion; the other a resistance to insulin. 
D) One causes increased fluid loss; the other causes increased thirst. 
E) One is a deficit in insulin activity; the other a deficit in ADH activity.

Question 8

Which statement below lists the essential components of a feedback loop and describes their function?

Accepted Answer

A) Sensor detects a regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector alters the regulated variable; organ system returns the body back to normal 
B) Set point is the value of the regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector alters the regulated variable; set point is the point the variable must always return to. 
C) Set point detects the regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector decides if it will react or not to the signal. 
D) Sensor detects a regulated variable; set point is the value of the regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector alters the regulated variable. 
E) Integrator interprets the information; set point is the value of the regulated variable; effector alters the regulated variable. 
A) Sensor detects a regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector alters the regulated variable; organ system returns the body back to normal 
B) Set point is the value of the regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector alters the regulated variable; set point is the point the variable must always return to. 
C) Set point detects the regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector decides if it will react or not to the signal. 
D) Sensor detects a regulated variable; set point is the value of the regulated variable; integrator interprets the information and sends it to the appropriate effector; effector alters the regulated variable. 
E) Integrator interprets the information; set point is the value of the regulated variable; effector alters the regulated variable.

Question 9

The specific structures that attach bone to bone are called

Accepted Answer

A) tendons. 
B) skeletal muscle. 
C) smooth muscle. 
D) sheathing. 
E) ligaments. 
A) tendons. 
B) skeletal muscle. 
C) smooth muscle. 
D) sheathing. 
E) ligaments.

Question 10

What lab test, often deemed the "lie detector test" by health care workers, measures the average blood glucose levels for the past 2- 3 months?

Accepted Answer

A) random blood glucose test 
B) fasting blood glucose test 
C) hemoglobin A1c test 
D) siphon test 
E) glucose tolerance test 
A) random blood glucose test 
B) fasting blood glucose test 
C) hemoglobin A1c test 
D) siphon test 
E) glucose tolerance test

Question 11

Where is most of our total body water located?

Accepted Answer

A) in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract 
B) in blood 
C) inside cells 
D) in the lumen of the kidneys 
E) surrounding the cells 
A) in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract 
B) in blood 
C) inside cells 
D) in the lumen of the kidneys 
E) surrounding the cells

Question 12

What tissue is specialized to contract?

Accepted Answer

A) epithelial 
B) connective 
C) nervous 
D) muscle 
E) endocrine 
A) epithelial 
B) connective 
C) nervous 
D) muscle 
E) endocrine

Question 13

What type of ductless gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A) matrix 
B) salivary 
C) sweat 
D) exocrine 
E) endocrine 
A) matrix 
B) salivary 
C) sweat 
D) exocrine 
E) endocrine

Question 14

John has type 2 diabetes. He has a sedentary lifestyle, is overweight, and recently went to the doctor who gave him a hemoglobin A1c test which came back at 7%. What is the best course of treatment for John?

Accepted Answer

A) insulin shots and exercise 
B) insulin shots and a healthy diet 
C) frequent monitoring of his blood glucose levels with insulin shots 
D) measure his BMI, continued monitoring of his blood glucose levels with a hemoglobin A1c test, and changes in lifestyle 
E) a strict diet, frequent monitoring of his blood glucose, exercise, and oral glucose medication 
A) insulin shots and exercise 
B) insulin shots and a healthy diet 
C) frequent monitoring of his blood glucose levels with insulin shots 
D) measure his BMI, continued monitoring of his blood glucose levels with a hemoglobin A1c test, and changes in lifestyle 
E) a strict diet, frequent monitoring of his blood glucose, exercise, and oral glucose medication

Question 15

Total body water is composed of

Accepted Answer

A) extracellular fluid only. 
B) intracellular fluid only. 
C) intracellular and interstitial fluid. 
D) plasma and intracellular fluid. 
E) intracellular and extracellular fluid. 
A) extracellular fluid only. 
B) intracellular fluid only. 
C) intracellular and interstitial fluid. 
D) plasma and intracellular fluid. 
E) intracellular and extracellular fluid.

Question 16

Although diabetes mellitus has many symptoms, the primary diagnostic symptoms of the disease are and .

Accepted Answer

A) dizziness : dehydration 
B) elevated blood glucose : lethargy 
C) elevated blood glucose : poor healing 
D) elevated blood glucose : glucose in the urine 
E) lethargy : dizziness 
A) dizziness : dehydration 
B) elevated blood glucose : lethargy 
C) elevated blood glucose : poor healing 
D) elevated blood glucose : glucose in the urine 
E) lethargy : dizziness

Question 17

The lumen of which of the following systems is part of the internal environment?

Accepted Answer

A) cardiovascular system 
B) urinary system 
C) gastrointestinal system 
D) gastrointestinal and urinary systems 
E) respiratory system 
A) cardiovascular system 
B) urinary system 
C) gastrointestinal system 
D) gastrointestinal and urinary systems 
E) respiratory system

Question 18

Which of the following is a protein found in connective tissue that provides the tensile strength to resist stretching?

Accepted Answer

A) vimentin 
B) collagen 
C) basement membrane 
D) erythropoietin 
E) elastin 
A) vimentin 
B) collagen 
C) basement membrane 
D) erythropoietin 
E) elastin

Question 19

All forms of diabetes involve a decrease in plasma levels of insulin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Water is the most abundant molecule in the human body. Identify both the amount of water and its location within the body.

Accepted Answer

TBW represents the total volume of fluid

Exam 1: Introduction to Physiology

Physiology is the study of function and can come in many forms, including plant physiology.

What cells secrete insulin?

What is the primary reason the prevalence of diabetes is increasing in the U.S. population?

What are the two major consequences for those who suffer from diabetes mellitus?

Which statement below best defines homeostasis?

What organ system includes the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and thyroid gland?

What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?

Which statement below lists the essential components of a feedback loop and describes their function?

The specific structures that attach bone to bone are called

What lab test, often deemed the "lie detector test" by health care workers, measures the average blood glucose levels for the past 2- 3 months?

Where is most of our total body water located?

What tissue is specialized to contract?

What type of ductless gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream?

John has type 2 diabetes. He has a sedentary lifestyle, is overweight, and recently went to the doctor who gave him a hemoglobin A1c test which came back at 7%. What is the best course of treatment for John?

Total body water is composed of

Although diabetes mellitus has many symptoms, the primary diagnostic symptoms of the disease are and .

The lumen of which of the following systems is part of the internal environment?

Which of the following is a protein found in connective tissue that provides the tensile strength to resist stretching?

All forms of diabetes involve a decrease in plasma levels of insulin.

Water is the most abundant molecule in the human body. Identify both the amount of water and its location within the body.

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System: Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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