Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Which of the following illustrations is not a structural isomer of an organic compound with the molecular formula C₆H₁₄? For clarity, only the carbon skeletons are shown; hydrogen atoms that would be attached to the carbons have been omitted.

Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP?

Differences among organisms are caused by differences in the ________.

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Which of the following carbon molecules does not have the bond angle of 109.5°?

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on ________.

Which of the following statements is true?

Use the following figure to answer the question. The two molecules shown in the figures are best described as ________.

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

The element present in all organic molecules is ________.

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule(s) shown is (are) ionized in a cell?

Use the figures to answer the question. A. $-\mathrm{OH}$ C. $-\mathrm{NH}_{2}$ B. D. $-\mathrm{SH}$ Which of the groups is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

Use the following figure to answer the question. The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the ________.

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other? Testosterone and estradiol ________.

Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?