Exam 43: The Immune System

B cells interacting with helper T cells are stimulated to differentiate when ________.

The complement system is ________.

Mucus occurs in both the respiratory and digestive tracts. What is its main immunological function?

What major advantage is conveyed by having a system of adaptive immunity?

________ are receptor molecules on mammalian cells that recognize macromolecules that are present in or on certain groups of pathogens.

Bacteria entering the body through a small cut in the skin ________.

When antibodies bind antigens, the clumping of antigens results from ________.

Arrange in the correct sequence these components of the mammalian immune system as it first responds to a pathogen. I.Pathogen is destroyed. II. Lymphocytes secrete antibodies. III.Antigens from a pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes. IV.Lymphocytes specific to antigens from a pathogen become numerous. V.Only memory cells remain.

A strain of fruit fly lacks the ability to produce Dicer-2 protein. You might expect this strain to be more susceptible to ________ infections.

Vaccination offers protection against future exposure to pathogens because it ________.

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. An otherwise healthy student in your class was infected with EBV (the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis) when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. When she is exposed to EBV again later in life, she does not get sick or have any symptoms of mononucleosis. Which of the following statements explains why your class mate does not exhibit symptoms of EBV infection?

Which of the following statements are fundamental to the clonal selection theory of how the adaptive immune system functions? I.Each lymphocyte has a unique membrane receptor that recognizes one antigen. II.When the lymphocyte binds an antigen, it is activated and begins dividing to form many identical copies of itself. III.Cloned lymphocytes have slight differences and are selected by the spleen for removal if they do not bind an antigen. IV.Cloned cells descend from an activated lymphocyte and persist even after the pathogen is eliminated.

A certain cell type has existed in the blood and tissue of its vertebrate host's immune system for over 20 years. One day, it recognizes a newly arrived antigen and binds to it, subsequently triggering a secondary immune response in the body. Which of the following cell types most accurately describes this cell?

Clonal selection is an explanation for how ________.

The number of major histocompatibility (MHC) protein combinations possible in a given population is enormous. However, an individual in that diverse population has a far more limited array of MHC molecules because ________.

The eyes and the respiratory tract are both protected against infections by ________.

Use the graphs to answer the following question. Mutant fruit flies that make only one antimicrobial peptide were tested for survival after infection with Neurospora crassa fungi or with Micrococcus luteus bacteria. The results shown in the graphs support the hypothesis that ________.

Inflammatory responses typically include ________.

________ are cells of the mammalian innate immune response that help destroy tumors.

If a person is prone to allergies, what treatment could redirect their immune response to help prevent future allergic reactions?