Question 1

An ion with six protons, seven neutrons, and a charge of 2+ has an atomic number of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  four 
B)  five 
C)  six 
D)  seven 
A)  four 
B)  five 
C)  six 
D)  seven C

Question 2

Elements ⁷²Zn, ⁷⁵As, and ⁷⁴Ge have the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  same number of protons 
B)  same number of protons and electrons 
C)  same number of neutrons 
D)  same number of neutrons and electrons 
A)  same number of protons 
B)  same number of protons and electrons 
C)  same number of neutrons 
D)  same number of neutrons and electrons C

Question 3

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
3H₂ + N₂   2NH₃
-Which of the following is true for the reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reaction is nonreversible. 
B)  Hydrogen and nitrogen are the reactants of the reverse reaction. 
C)  Ammonia is being formed and decomposed simultaneously. 
D)  Only the forward or reverse reactions can occur at one time. 
A)  The reaction is nonreversible. 
B)  Hydrogen and nitrogen are the reactants of the reverse reaction. 
C)  Ammonia is being formed and decomposed simultaneously. 
D)  Only the forward or reverse reactions can occur at one time. C

Question 4

In the following structure where A and B represent two different elements, the valency of A is ________ and B is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  one; three 
B)  one; five 
C)  three; five 
D)  eight; eight 
A)  one; three 
B)  one; five 
C)  three; five 
D)  eight; eight

Question 5

Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbers from 92-100. Which of the following can be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 neutrons. 
B)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 protons. 
C)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 electrons. 
D)  Isotopes of molybdenum have different numbers of electrons. 
A)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 neutrons. 
B)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 protons. 
C)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 electrons. 
D)  Isotopes of molybdenum have different numbers of electrons.

Question 6

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-What is the atomic number of the cation formed in the reaction in the illustration?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 
B)  10 
C)  11 
D)  16 
A)  8 
B)  10 
C)  11 
D)  16

Question 7

Can the atomic mass of an element vary?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, it is fixed; otherwise a new element will be formed. 
B)  Yes. Adding or losing electrons will substantially change the atomic mass. 
C)  Yes. Adding or losing protons will change the atomic mass without forming a different element. 
D)  Yes. Adding or losing neutrons will change the atomic mass without forming a different element. 
A)  No, it is fixed; otherwise a new element will be formed. 
B)  Yes. Adding or losing electrons will substantially change the atomic mass. 
C)  Yes. Adding or losing protons will change the atomic mass without forming a different element. 
D)  Yes. Adding or losing neutrons will change the atomic mass without forming a different element.

Question 8

Atoms have no electric charge because they have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  uncharged neutrons in their nuclei 
B)  an equal number of protons and neutrons 
C)  an equal number of protons and electrons 
D)  an equal number of charged and uncharged subatomic particles 
A)  uncharged neutrons in their nuclei 
B)  an equal number of protons and neutrons 
C)  an equal number of protons and electrons 
D)  an equal number of charged and uncharged subatomic particles

Question 9

Which of the following are compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  H₂O, O₂, and CH₄ 
B)  H₂O and O₂ 
C)  O₂ and CH₄ 
D)  H₂O and CH₄, but not O₂ 
A)  H₂O, O₂, and CH₄ 
B)  H₂O and O₂ 
C)  O₂ and CH₄ 
D)  H₂O and CH₄, but not O₂

Question 10

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-How many electrons will a single atom of sulfur with no charge and no bonds have in its valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32 
A)  6 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  32

Question 11

Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water?

Accepted Answer

A)  covalent bonds between carbon atoms 
B)  hydrogen bonds 
C)  ionic bonds 
D)  ionic and hydrogen bonds 
A)  covalent bonds between carbon atoms 
B)  hydrogen bonds 
C)  ionic bonds 
D)  ionic and hydrogen bonds

Question 12

When are atoms most stable?

Accepted Answer

A)  when they have the fewest possible valence electrons 
B)  when they have the maximum number of unpaired electrons 
C)  when all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell are filled 
D)  when all electrons are paired 
A)  when they have the fewest possible valence electrons 
B)  when they have the maximum number of unpaired electrons 
C)  when all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell are filled 
D)  when all electrons are paired

Question 13

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?

Accepted Answer

A)  an ionic bond 
B)  a hydrogen bond 
C)  a nonpolar covalent bond 
D)  a polar covalent bond 
A)  an ionic bond 
B)  a hydrogen bond 
C)  a nonpolar covalent bond 
D)  a polar covalent bond

Question 14

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen 
B)  carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen 
C)  oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen 
D)  carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen 
A)  carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen 
B)  carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen 
C)  oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen 
D)  carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

Question 15

Compared with ³¹P, the radioactive isotope ³²P has

Accepted Answer

A)  a different atomic number. 
B)  one more proton. 
C)  one more electron. 
D)  one more neutron. 
A)  a different atomic number. 
B)  one more proton. 
C)  one more electron. 
D)  one more neutron.

Question 16

Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates, but not by other organisms such as bacteria or plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  iodine 
C)  sodium 
D)  phosphorus 
A)  calcium 
B)  iodine 
C)  sodium 
D)  phosphorus

Question 17

a(n. ________ has charge but negligible mass, whereas a(n) ________ has mass but no charge.

Accepted Answer

A)  proton; neutron 
B)  neutron; proton 
C)  neutron; electron 
D)  electron; neutron 
A)  proton; neutron 
B)  neutron; proton 
C)  neutron; electron 
D)  electron; neutron

Question 18

Carbon-14 has the same ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  atomic number and atomic mass as carbon-12 
B)  atomic number and thus number of neutrons as carbon-13 
C)  atomic mass as both carbon-12 and carbon-13 
D)  number of protons but more neutrons than carbon-12 
A)  atomic number and atomic mass as carbon-12 
B)  atomic number and thus number of neutrons as carbon-13 
C)  atomic mass as both carbon-12 and carbon-13 
D)  number of protons but more neutrons than carbon-12

Question 19

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and, most commonly, a mass number of 16. Thus, what is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately 8 grams 
B)  approximately 8 daltons 
C)  approximately 16 grams 
D)  approximately 16 daltons 
A)  approximately 8 grams 
B)  approximately 8 daltons 
C)  approximately 16 grams 
D)  approximately 16 daltons

Question 20

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products?
C₆H₁₂O₆ → ________ C₂H₆O + ________ CO₂

Accepted Answer

A)  2; 1 
B)  3; 1 
C)  1; 3 
D)  2; 2 
A)  2; 1 
B)  3; 1 
C)  1; 3 
D)  2; 2

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

An ion with six protons, seven neutrons, and a charge of 2+ has an atomic number of ________.

Elements ⁷²Zn, ⁷⁵As, and ⁷⁴Ge have the ________.

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. 3H₂ + N₂ 2NH₃ -Which of the following is true for the reaction?

In the following structure where A and B represent two different elements, the valency of A is ________ and B is ________.

Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbers from 92-100. Which of the following can be true?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -What is the atomic number of the cation formed in the reaction in the illustration?

Can the atomic mass of an element vary?

Atoms have no electric charge because they have ________.

Which of the following are compounds?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -How many electrons will a single atom of sulfur with no charge and no bonds have in its valence shell?

Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water?

When are atoms most stable?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -When the atoms involved in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Compared with ³¹P, the radioactive isotope ³²P has

Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates, but not by other organisms such as bacteria or plants?

a(n. ________ has charge but negligible mass, whereas a(n) ________ has mass but no charge.

Carbon-14 has the same ________.

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and, most commonly, a mass number of 16. Thus, what is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom?

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products? C₆H₁₂O₆ → ________ C₂H₆O + ________ CO₂

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

In the following structure where A and B represent two different elements, the valency of A is and B is .

a(n. has charge but negligible mass, whereas a(n) has mass but no charge.

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products? C₆H₁₂O₆ → C₂H₆O + CO₂