Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

The metabolic breakdown of specialized brown fat deposits in certain animals is substantially increased during ________.

As animals have evolved large body size, they have also evolved adaptations to improve exchange of energy and materials with the environment. For example, in many larger organisms, evolution has favored lungs and a digestive tract with ________.

Hummingbirds are small birds that require a regular food supply. When hummingbirds are faced with a situation that decreases their food supply, such as a storm, which of the following adaptations would be most useful for the bird to survive such an unpredictable and short-term absence of food resources?

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when ________.

You discover a new species of bacteria that grows in aquatic environments with high salt levels. While studying these bacteria, you note that their internal environment is similar to the salt concentrations in their surroundings. You also discover that the internal salt concentrations of the bacteria change as the salt concentration in their environment changes. The new species can tolerate small changes in this way, but dies from large changes because it has no mechanism for altering its own internal salt levels. What type of homeostatic mechanism is this species using to regulate its internal salt levels?

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed as ________.

Muscle cells are organized to perform specific types of contractions within a tissue. Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle?

Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians ________.

Which of the following animals most likely uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Cardiac muscle cells are both ________.

A woman standing and watching the stars on a cool, calm night will lose most of her body heat by ________.

When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of ________.

Generally, epithelial cell layers are responsible for separating two fluids. For example, the epithelium of blood vessels in animals separates the blood from the interstitial fluid. What characteristic would you expect to see in an epithelium that was specialized for passive diffusion of materials from one fluid to another?

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is

Standard metabolic rate (SMR) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) are ________.

Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a snake. The ________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the ________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.

A researcher is setting up an experiment to measure basal metabolic rate in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster-a small rodent). Which of the following would be the best set of conditions for the voles immediately before and during the measurement?

The use of brown fat to generate metabolic heat is mostly limited to small mammals. What is the basis of this adaptation?

Snake behavior in Wisconsin changes throughout the year. For example, a snake is ________.

Which of the following is a true statement about body size and physiology?