Question 1

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
The molecule shown is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a hexose 
B)  a pentose 
C)  fructose 
D)  maltose 
A)  a hexose 
B)  a pentose 
C)  fructose 
D)  maltose A

Question 2

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
The molecule illustrated in the figure ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a saturated fatty acid 
B)  stores genetic information 
C)  will be liquid at room temperature 
D)  is a carbohydrate 
A)  is a saturated fatty acid 
B)  stores genetic information 
C)  will be liquid at room temperature 
D)  is a carbohydrate C

Question 3

What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  the types of monosaccharide subunits in the molecules 
B)  the type of glycosidic linkages in the molecule 
C)  whether glucose is in the α or β form 
D)  the amount of branching that occurs in the molecule 
A)  the types of monosaccharide subunits in the molecules 
B)  the type of glycosidic linkages in the molecule 
C)  whether glucose is in the α or β form 
D)  the amount of branching that occurs in the molecule D

Question 4

Use the following information to answer the question.
"The native structure of hemoglobin (Hb) comprises of two α and two β subunits, each of which carries a heme group. There appear to be no previous studies that report the in-vitro folding and assembly of Hb from highly unfolded α and β globin in a 'one-pot' reaction. One difficulty that has to be overcome for studies of this kind is the tendency of Hb to aggregate during refolding. This work demonstrates that denaturation of Hb in 40% acetonitrile at pH 10.0 is reversible." (J Am Soc Mass Spectrum 2007, 18, 8-16)
Hemoglobin, when subjected to 40% acetonitrile at pH 10.0, loses its quaternary structure, which means the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  four α and β polypeptides dissociate 
B)  peptide bonds between amino acids break 
C)  α and β polypeptides lose their 3-D structure 
D)  four α and β polypeptides dissociate, peptide bonds between amino acids, and α and β polypeptides lose their 3-D structure 
A)  four α and β polypeptides dissociate 
B)  peptide bonds between amino acids break 
C)  α and β polypeptides lose their 3-D structure 
D)  four α and β polypeptides dissociate, peptide bonds between amino acids, and α and β polypeptides lose their 3-D structure

Question 5

The central rule of molecular biology states that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein 
B)  DNA is translated into protein 
C)  DNA is translated into RNA, which is transcribed into protein 
D)  RNA is transcribed into protein 
A)  DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein 
B)  DNA is translated into protein 
C)  DNA is translated into RNA, which is transcribed into protein 
D)  RNA is transcribed into protein

Question 6

Which of the following is not a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  starch 
C)  RNA 
D)  DNA 
A)  glucose 
B)  starch 
C)  RNA 
D)  DNA

Question 7

Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-AGCT-3′ with 5′-TCGA-3′ 
B)  5′-GCGC-3′ with 5′-TATA-3′ 
C)  5′-ATGC-3′ with 5′-GCAT-3′ 
D)  All of these pairs are correct. 
A)  5′-AGCT-3′ with 5′-TCGA-3′ 
B)  5′-GCGC-3′ with 5′-TATA-3′ 
C)  5′-ATGC-3′ with 5′-GCAT-3′ 
D)  All of these pairs are correct.

Question 8

You would like to lose weight. Which of the following should be your preferred food group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lactose and glucose 
B)  Sucrose and starch 
C)  Starch and fructose 
D)  Cellulose and fructose 
A)  Lactose and glucose 
B)  Sucrose and starch 
C)  Starch and fructose 
D)  Cellulose and fructose

Question 9

Use the following information to answer the question.
"The native structure of hemoglobin (Hb) comprises of two α and two β subunits, each of which carries a heme group. There appear to be no previous studies that report the in-vitro folding and assembly of Hb from highly unfolded α and β globin in a 'one-pot' reaction. One difficulty that has to be overcome for studies of this kind is the tendency of Hb to aggregate during refolding. This work demonstrates that denaturation of Hb in 40% acetonitrile at pH 10.0 is reversible." (J Am Soc Mass Spectrum 2007, 18, 8-16)
How many heme groups are present in three hemoglobin protein molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  9 
D)  12 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  9 
D)  12

Question 10

When nucleotides polymerize to form a nucleic acid, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a covalent bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second 
B)  a hydrogen bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second 
C)  covalent bonds form between the bases of two nucleotides 
D)  hydrogen bonds form between the bases of two nucleotides 
A)  a covalent bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second 
B)  a hydrogen bond forms between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of a second 
C)  covalent bonds form between the bases of two nucleotides 
D)  hydrogen bonds form between the bases of two nucleotides

Question 11

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
The chemical reaction illustrated ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a hydrolysis reaction 
B)  results in a peptide bond 
C)  joins two fatty acids together 
D)  links two polymers to form a monomer 
A)  is a hydrolysis reaction 
B)  results in a peptide bond 
C)  joins two fatty acids together 
D)  links two polymers to form a monomer

Question 12

Which parts of the amino acids X and Y are involved in the formation of a peptide bond?
X-Y

Accepted Answer

A)  amino group of X and carboxyl group of Y 
B)  carboxyl group of X and amino group of Y 
C)  carboxyl group of X and side chain of Y 
D)  side chains of both X and Y 
A)  amino group of X and carboxyl group of Y 
B)  carboxyl group of X and amino group of Y 
C)  carboxyl group of X and side chain of Y 
D)  side chains of both X and Y

Question 13

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure.
 
A fat (or triacylglycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  one molecule of 9 and three molecules of 10 
B)  three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10 
C)  one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 9 
D)  one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 10 
A)  one molecule of 9 and three molecules of 10 
B)  three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10 
C)  one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 9 
D)  one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 10

Question 14

What does the term insoluble fiber refer to on food packages?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  polypeptides 
C)  starch 
D)  amylopectin 
A)  cellulose 
B)  polypeptides 
C)  starch 
D)  amylopectin

Question 15

The difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of carbon atoms 
B)  the position of the hydroxyl groups 
C)  the position of the carbonyl group 
D)  the ring form and the linear chain 
A)  the number of carbon atoms 
B)  the position of the hydroxyl groups 
C)  the position of the carbonyl group 
D)  the ring form and the linear chain

Question 16

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure.
 
Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4, and 6 
B)  2, 7, and 8 
C)  7, 8, and 13 
D)  11, 12, and 13 
A)  1, 4, and 6 
B)  2, 7, and 8 
C)  7, 8, and 13 
D)  11, 12, and 13

Question 17

Cooking oil and gasoline (a hydrocarbon) are not amphipathic molecules because they ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  do not have a polar or charged region 
B)  do not have a nonpolar region 
C)  have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions 
D)  are highly reduced molecules 
A)  do not have a polar or charged region 
B)  do not have a nonpolar region 
C)  have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions 
D)  are highly reduced molecules

Question 18

Starch and cellulose ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are polymers of glucose 
B)  are cis and trans isomers of each other 
C)  are used for energy storage in plants and animals 
D)  are structural components of the plant cell wall 
A)  are polymers of glucose 
B)  are cis and trans isomers of each other 
C)  are used for energy storage in plants and animals 
D)  are structural components of the plant cell wall

Question 19

A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism is more closely related to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  humans than to frogs 
B)  frogs than to humans 
C)  rats than to frogs 
D)  gibbons than to rats 
A)  humans than to frogs 
B)  frogs than to humans 
C)  rats than to frogs 
D)  gibbons than to rats

Question 20

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the

Accepted Answer

A)  primary level. 
B)  secondary level. 
C)  tertiary level. 
D)  quaternary level. 
A)  primary level. 
B)  secondary level. 
C)  tertiary level. 
D)  quaternary level.

Exam 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Use the following figure to answer the question. The molecule shown is ________.

Use the following figure to answer the question. The molecule illustrated in the figure ________.

What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?

The central rule of molecular biology states that ________.

Which of the following is not a polymer?

Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?

You would like to lose weight. Which of the following should be your preferred food group?

When nucleotides polymerize to form a nucleic acid, ________.

Use the following figure to answer the question. The chemical reaction illustrated ________.

Which parts of the amino acids X and Y are involved in the formation of a peptide bond? X-Y

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. A fat (or triacylglycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between ________.

What does the term insoluble fiber refer to on food packages?

The difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar is ________.

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides?

Cooking oil and gasoline (a hydrocarbon) are not amphipathic molecules because they ________.

Starch and cellulose ________.

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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