Question 1

Which of the following statements defines a genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  the complete set of an organism's polypeptides 
B)  the complete set of a species' polypeptides 
C)  a karyotype 
D)  the complete set of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences 
A)  the complete set of an organism's polypeptides 
B)  the complete set of a species' polypeptides 
C)  a karyotype 
D)  the complete set of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences D

Question 2

For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes based on the independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  23 
B)  46 
C)  about 1,000 
D)  about 8 million 
A)  23 
B)  46 
C)  about 1,000 
D)  about 8 million D

Question 3

Quaking aspen trees can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground stems?

Accepted Answer

A)  9 
B)  10 
C)  19 
D)  38 
A)  9 
B)  10 
C)  19 
D)  38 D

Question 4

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that

Accepted Answer

A)  sister chromatids separate during anaphase. 
B)  DNA replicates before the division. 
C)  the daughter cells are diploid. 
D)  homologous chromosomes synapse. 
A)  sister chromatids separate during anaphase. 
B)  DNA replicates before the division. 
C)  the daughter cells are diploid. 
D)  homologous chromosomes synapse.

Question 5

DNA was isolated from three different cell types of the same organism, the relative DNA content for each type was determined, and the results were plotted on the graph shown in the figure below. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions.
  
-Which sample of DNA might be from a cell that stopped the process of cell division in G₀ phase of the cell cycle prior to meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  either I or II 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  either I or II

Question 6

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. 
B)  Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. 
C)  Clone the plant. 
D)  Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one. 
A)  Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. 
B)  Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. 
C)  Clone the plant. 
D)  Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one.

Question 7

Which of the following statements describes an example of alternation of generations?

Accepted Answer

A)  A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blond hair. 
B)  A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces a spore by meiosis that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). 
C)  A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. 
D)  A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis. 
A)  A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blond hair. 
B)  A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces a spore by meiosis that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). 
C)  A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. 
D)  A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis.

Question 8

When chiasmata can first be seen in cells using a microscope, which of the following processes has most likely occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis II 
B)  anaphase II 
C)  prophase I 
D)  the separation of homologs 
A)  meiosis II 
B)  anaphase II 
C)  prophase I 
D)  the separation of homologs

Question 9

Which of the following statements is correct in comparing sexual and asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asexual reproduction, but not sexual reproduction, is characteristic of only plants and fungi. 
B)  In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring. 
C)  In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced by fertilization without meiosis. 
D)  Asexual reproduction produces only haploid offspring. 
A)  Asexual reproduction, but not sexual reproduction, is characteristic of only plants and fungi. 
B)  In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring. 
C)  In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced by fertilization without meiosis. 
D)  Asexual reproduction produces only haploid offspring.

Question 10

Refer to the information and figure below to answer the following questions.
A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure.
  
-A female with a paternal set of one orange and one long gene chromosome and a maternal set comprised of one blue and one short gene chromosome would be expected to produce which of the following types of eggs after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  All eggs will have maternal types of gene combinations. 
B)  All eggs will have paternal types of gene combinations. 
C)  Half the eggs will have maternal and half will have paternal combinations. 
D)  Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having either blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations. 
A)  All eggs will have maternal types of gene combinations. 
B)  All eggs will have paternal types of gene combinations. 
C)  Half the eggs will have maternal and half will have paternal combinations. 
D)  Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having either blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations.

Question 11

Which of the following processes might produce a human zygote with 45 chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  an error in meiotic anaphase occurring in either an egg or sperm 
B)  failure of the egg nucleus to be fertilized by the sperm 
C)  failure of an egg to complete meiosis II 
D)  incomplete cytokinesis during spermatogenesis after meiosis I 
A)  an error in meiotic anaphase occurring in either an egg or sperm 
B)  failure of the egg nucleus to be fertilized by the sperm 
C)  failure of an egg to complete meiosis II 
D)  incomplete cytokinesis during spermatogenesis after meiosis I

Question 12

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are in prophase of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
B)  The cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C)  The cells have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
D)  The cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA. 
A)  The cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
B)  The cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C)  The cells have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
D)  The cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.

Question 13

Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per cell. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a roundworm?

Accepted Answer

A)  four 
B)  two 
C)  eight 
D)  a diploid number 
A)  four 
B)  two 
C)  eight 
D)  a diploid number

Question 14

Which of the following processes occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosome replication 
B)  synapsis of chromosomes 
C)  alignment of chromosomes at the equator 
D)  condensation of chromosomes 
A)  chromosome replication 
B)  synapsis of chromosomes 
C)  alignment of chromosomes at the equator 
D)  condensation of chromosomes

Question 15

Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis 
B)  mitosis 
C)  fertilization 
D)  the exchange of chromosomes between organisms of different species 
A)  meiosis 
B)  mitosis 
C)  fertilization 
D)  the exchange of chromosomes between organisms of different species

Question 16

Which of the following statements describes a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homologous chromosomes align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II. 
B)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, and homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis II. 
C)  Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in diploid cells. 
D)  Crossing over of chromosomes takes place in meiosis II. 
A)  Homologous chromosomes align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II. 
B)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, and homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis II. 
C)  Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, while mitosis occurs in diploid cells. 
D)  Crossing over of chromosomes takes place in meiosis II.

Question 17

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  prophase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  anaphase 
D)  interphase 
A)  prophase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  anaphase 
D)  interphase

Question 18

If a cell has completed meiosis I and the first cytokinesis, and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its genetic contents?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. 
B)  It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the parent cell. 
C)  It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the parent cell. 
D)  It is genetically identical to another cell formed from the same meiosis I event. 
A)  It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. 
B)  It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the parent cell. 
C)  It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the parent cell. 
D)  It is genetically identical to another cell formed from the same meiosis I event.

Question 19

Imagine that there are 25 different species of protists living in a tide pool. Some of these species reproduce both sexually and asexually, and some of them can reproduce only asexually. The pool gradually becomes infested with disease-causing viruses and bacteria. Which species are more likely to thrive in the changing environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sexually reproducing species is likely to thrive. 
B)  The asexually reproducing species is likely to thrive. 
C)  Sexually and asexually reproducing species are equally likely to thrive. 
D)  Neither species will be able to thrive. 
A)  The sexually reproducing species is likely to thrive. 
B)  The asexually reproducing species is likely to thrive. 
C)  Sexually and asexually reproducing species are equally likely to thrive. 
D)  Neither species will be able to thrive.

Question 20

Which of the following statements describes one characteristic of each chromosome in a cell during the entire process of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each chromosome is paired with a homologous chromosome. 
B)  Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere. 
C)  Each chromosome consists of a single strand of DNA. 
D)  Each chromosome is joined with its homologous pair to form a synaptonemal complex. 
A)  Each chromosome is paired with a homologous chromosome. 
B)  Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere. 
C)  Each chromosome consists of a single strand of DNA. 
D)  Each chromosome is joined with its homologous pair to form a synaptonemal complex.

Exam 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Which of the following statements defines a genome?

For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes based on the independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis?

Quaking aspen trees can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground stems?

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Which of the following statements describes an example of alternation of generations?

When chiasmata can first be seen in cells using a microscope, which of the following processes has most likely occurred?

Which of the following statements is correct in comparing sexual and asexual reproduction?

Which of the following processes might produce a human zygote with 45 chromosomes?

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are in prophase of meiosis I?

Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per cell. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a roundworm?

Which of the following processes occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following processes?

Which of the following statements describes a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal?

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

If a cell has completed meiosis I and the first cytokinesis, and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its genetic contents?

Which of the following statements describes one characteristic of each chromosome in a cell during the entire process of meiosis I?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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