Exam 3: Water and Life

Use the following figure to answer the question. Two moles of the compound in the figure would weigh how many grams? (Note: The atomic masses, in daltons, are approximately 12 for carbon, 1 for hydrogen, and 16 for oxygen.)

What is the hydroxyl ion (OH⁻) concentration of a solution of pH 8?

How much of 0.5 M glucose (molecular mass 180) is needed to provide 100 mg of glucose?

Cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion are the properties of water molecules that ________.

Melting of ice and thus reduced feeding opportunities for polar bears is occurring because of the ________.

Why does ice float in liquid water?

Which of the following is considered to be a strong base (alkali)?

As the [H₃O⁺] of the solution decreases, the [OH⁻] ________.

Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with ________.

One of the buffers that contribute to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H₂CO₃). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that, when placed in an aqueous solution, dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻) and a hydrogen ion (H⁺). (See figure.) If the pH of blood drops, one would expect ________.

A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2. What can you conclude about this substance?

Rank, from low to high, the pH of blood, stomach acid, and urine.

Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: CO₂ + H₂O ⇔ H₂CO₃. What would be the effect of adding additional H₂O?

A solution contains 0.0000001 (10⁻⁷) moles of hydrogen ions [H⁺] per liter. Which of the following best describes this solution?

To act as an effective coolant in a car's radiator, a substance has to have the capacity to absorb a great deal of heat. You have a reference book with tables listing the physical properties of many liquids. In choosing a coolant for your car, which table would you check first?

Increased atmospheric CO₂ concentrations might have what effect on seawater?

A solution with a pH of 2 has how many more protons in it than a solution with a pH of 4?

How would acidification of seawater affect marine organisms? Acidification of seawater would ________.

Liquid water ________.

Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are ________.