Question 1

During a stressful interval, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the adrenal cortex and medulla to secrete acetylcholine 
B)  increased acid in the duodenum stimulates the S cells to release secretin 
C)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex, and neurons of the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the adrenal medulla 
D)  the calcium levels in the blood are increased due to actions of two antagonistic hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine 
A)  thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the adrenal cortex and medulla to secrete acetylcholine 
B)  increased acid in the duodenum stimulates the S cells to release secretin 
C)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex, and neurons of the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the adrenal medulla 
D)  the calcium levels in the blood are increased due to actions of two antagonistic hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine C

Question 2

Prostaglandins are local regulators whose chemical structure is derived from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  oligosaccharides 
B)  fatty acids 
C)  steroids 
D)  amino acids 
A)  oligosaccharides 
B)  fatty acids 
C)  steroids 
D)  amino acids B

Question 3

Osteoporosis is a condition in which the density of bones is decreased so much that the individual is at a higher risk of fractures. The more calcium in the bones, the better the bone density. Which of the following would produce the greatest increase in bone calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcitonin injection 
B)  calcitonin receptor blocker 
C)  parathyroid hormone injection 
D)  glucagon receptor blocker 
A)  calcitonin injection 
B)  calcitonin receptor blocker 
C)  parathyroid hormone injection 
D)  glucagon receptor blocker A

Question 4

What is the only type of chemical signal that does not alter the physiology of the animal producing that signal?

Accepted Answer

A)  neural 
B)  paracrine 
C)  neuroendocrine 
D)  pheromones 
A)  neural 
B)  paracrine 
C)  neuroendocrine 
D)  pheromones

Question 5

A cluster of tumor cells that produces and secretes growth factors to induce surrounding cells to grow and divide is showing which type of cell-to-cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

A)  autocrine 
B)  paracrine 
C)  endocrine 
D)  neuroendocrine 
A)  autocrine 
B)  paracrine 
C)  endocrine 
D)  neuroendocrine

Question 6

What do steroid and peptide hormones typically have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  their solubility in cell membranes 
B)  their requirement for travel through the bloodstream 
C)  the location of their receptors 
D)  their reliance on signal transduction in the cell 
A)  their solubility in cell membranes 
B)  their requirement for travel through the bloodstream 
C)  the location of their receptors 
D)  their reliance on signal transduction in the cell

Question 7

In experiments where researchers suspect that a hormone may be responsible for a certain physiological effect, they may cut the neurons leading to the organ where the effect being studied occurs. What is the purpose of cutting these neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  to make sure that the effect is not occurring through actions in the nervous system 
B)  to make sure that the organ being affected cannot function unless the researchers stimulate it with an external electrical probe 
C)  to impair the normal functions of the organ so that the hormonal effect can be more easily studied 
D)  to numb the organ so that it can be probed without inducing pain in the lab animal 
A)  to make sure that the effect is not occurring through actions in the nervous system 
B)  to make sure that the organ being affected cannot function unless the researchers stimulate it with an external electrical probe 
C)  to impair the normal functions of the organ so that the hormonal effect can be more easily studied 
D)  to numb the organ so that it can be probed without inducing pain in the lab animal

Question 8

Insect hormones and their receptors ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  act independently of each other 
B)  are a focus in pest control research 
C)  utilize cell-surface receptors only 
D)  are active independently of environmental cues 
A)  act independently of each other 
B)  are a focus in pest control research 
C)  utilize cell-surface receptors only 
D)  are active independently of environmental cues

Question 9

Rapid changes to skin color in many vertebrates is under the control of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  melanocyte-stimulating hormone 
B)  adrenocorticotropic hormone 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  melatonin 
A)  melanocyte-stimulating hormone 
B)  adrenocorticotropic hormone 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  melatonin

Question 10

DES is called an "endocrine disrupting chemical" because it interferes with the endocrine secretions of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid gland 
B)  adrenal medulla 
C)  ovaries 
D)  hypothalamus 
A)  thyroid gland 
B)  adrenal medulla 
C)  ovaries 
D)  hypothalamus

Question 11

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?

Accepted Answer

A)  greater production of T₃ than of T₄ 
B)  hyposecretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
C)  hypersecretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) 
D)  a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin 
A)  greater production of T₃ than of T₄ 
B)  hyposecretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
C)  hypersecretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) 
D)  a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin

Question 12

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the pituitary gland 
B)  parathyroid glands 
C)  salivary glands 
D)  the pancreas 
A)  the pituitary gland 
B)  parathyroid glands 
C)  salivary glands 
D)  the pancreas

Question 13

Steroid and polypeptide hormones typically have in common ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the building blocks from which they are synthesized 
B)  their solubility in cell membranes 
C)  their requirement for travel through the bloodstream 
D)  their reliance on signal transduction in the cell 
A)  the building blocks from which they are synthesized 
B)  their solubility in cell membranes 
C)  their requirement for travel through the bloodstream 
D)  their reliance on signal transduction in the cell

Question 14

Glucocorticoids do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  promote the immune response 
B)  promote the release of fatty acids 
C)  increase blood glucose levels 
D)  increase insulin production 
A)  promote the immune response 
B)  promote the release of fatty acids 
C)  increase blood glucose levels 
D)  increase insulin production

Question 15

Different body cells can respond differently to the same polypeptide hormones because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  different target cells have different sets of genes 
B)  a target cell's response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways 
C)  the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets 
D)  the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system 
A)  different target cells have different sets of genes 
B)  a target cell's response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways 
C)  the circulatory system regulates responses to hormones by routing the hormones to specific targets 
D)  the hormone is chemically altered in different ways as it travels through the circulatory system

Question 16

Nitric oxide and epinephrine ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  both regulate blood flow 
B)  both function as steroid hormones 
C)  bind the same receptors 
D)  both cause a reduction in the blood levels of glucose 
A)  both regulate blood flow 
B)  both function as steroid hormones 
C)  bind the same receptors 
D)  both cause a reduction in the blood levels of glucose

Question 17

People experiencing chronic stress may be more likely to become sick because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  too much thyroid hormone is being produced 
B)  elevated epinephrine concentrations deplete all of the available glucose in the body 
C)  high circulating glucocorticoid can suppress the immune response 
D)  their blood glucose is not being regulated appropriately 
A)  too much thyroid hormone is being produced 
B)  elevated epinephrine concentrations deplete all of the available glucose in the body 
C)  high circulating glucocorticoid can suppress the immune response 
D)  their blood glucose is not being regulated appropriately

Question 18

The steroid hormone that coordinates molting in arthropods is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ecdysteroid 
B)  glucagon 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  growth hormone 
A)  ecdysteroid 
B)  glucagon 
C)  thyroxine 
D)  growth hormone

Question 19

Hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum 
B)  thalamus 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  anterior pituitary gland 
A)  cerebellum 
B)  thalamus 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  anterior pituitary gland

Question 20

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?

Accepted Answer

A)  greater production of T₃ than of T₄ 
B)  hyposecretion of TSH 
C)  hypersecretion of MSH 
D)  a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin 
A)  greater production of T₃ than of T₄ 
B)  hyposecretion of TSH 
C)  hypersecretion of MSH 
D)  a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

During a stressful interval, ________.

Prostaglandins are local regulators whose chemical structure is derived from ________.

Osteoporosis is a condition in which the density of bones is decreased so much that the individual is at a higher risk of fractures. The more calcium in the bones, the better the bone density. Which of the following would produce the greatest increase in bone calcium levels?

What is the only type of chemical signal that does not alter the physiology of the animal producing that signal?

A cluster of tumor cells that produces and secretes growth factors to induce surrounding cells to grow and divide is showing which type of cell-to-cell signaling?

What do steroid and peptide hormones typically have in common?

In experiments where researchers suspect that a hormone may be responsible for a certain physiological effect, they may cut the neurons leading to the organ where the effect being studied occurs. What is the purpose of cutting these neurons?

Insect hormones and their receptors ________.

Rapid changes to skin color in many vertebrates is under the control of ________.

DES is called an "endocrine disrupting chemical" because it interferes with the endocrine secretions of the ________.

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Steroid and polypeptide hormones typically have in common ________.

Glucocorticoids do which of the following?

Different body cells can respond differently to the same polypeptide hormones because ________.

Nitric oxide and epinephrine ________.

People experiencing chronic stress may be more likely to become sick because ________.

The steroid hormone that coordinates molting in arthropods is ________.

Hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the ________.

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

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