Question 1

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?

Accepted Answer

A)  Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths. 
B)  Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the absorption of light. 
C)  Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a. 
D)  Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen, which changes the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis. 
A)  Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths. 
B)  Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the absorption of light. 
C)  Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a. 
D)  Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen, which changes the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis. C

Question 2

Where in a plant cell does the Calvin cycle take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  stroma of the chloroplast 
B)  thylakoid membrane 
C)  interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space) 
D)  outer membrane of the chloroplast 
A)  stroma of the chloroplast 
B)  thylakoid membrane 
C)  interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space) 
D)  outer membrane of the chloroplast A

Question 3

Which of the following processes is directly associated with photosystem I?

Accepted Answer

A)  receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain 
B)  generation of molecular oxygen 
C)  extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water 
D)  passing electrons to NADP⁺ 
A)  receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain 
B)  generation of molecular oxygen 
C)  extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water 
D)  passing electrons to NADP⁺ A

Question 4

Which of the following statements summarizes the metabolic results of photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  It produces ATP and consumes oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
B)  It produces carbon dioxide and consumes ATP and oxygen. 
C)  It produces oxygen and consumes ATP and carbon dioxide. 
D)  It produces oxygen and ATP and consumes carbon dioxide. 
A)  It produces ATP and consumes oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
B)  It produces carbon dioxide and consumes ATP and oxygen. 
C)  It produces oxygen and consumes ATP and carbon dioxide. 
D)  It produces oxygen and ATP and consumes carbon dioxide.

Question 5

Compared to C₃ plants, C₄ plants ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  can continue to fix CO₂ even at lower CO₂ concentrations and higher oxygen concentrations 
B)  have higher rates of photorespiration 
C)  do not use rubisco for carbon fixation 
D)  make a four-carbon compound, oxaloacetate, which is then delivered to the citric acid cycle in mitochondria 
A)  can continue to fix CO₂ even at lower CO₂ concentrations and higher oxygen concentrations 
B)  have higher rates of photorespiration 
C)  do not use rubisco for carbon fixation 
D)  make a four-carbon compound, oxaloacetate, which is then delivered to the citric acid cycle in mitochondria

Question 6

In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs during ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis only 
B)  respiration only 
C)  photosynthesis and respiration 
D)  photosynthesis, respiration, and fermentation 
A)  photosynthesis only 
B)  respiration only 
C)  photosynthesis and respiration 
D)  photosynthesis, respiration, and fermentation

Question 7

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

Accepted Answer

A)  light energy. 
B)  CO₂ and ATP. 
C)  H₂O and NADPH. 
D)  ATP and NADPH. 
A)  light energy. 
B)  CO₂ and ATP. 
C)  H₂O and NADPH. 
D)  ATP and NADPH.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO₂ and other nutrients that are inorganic. 
B)  Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment. 
C)  Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. 
D)  Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. 
A)  Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO₂ and other nutrients that are inorganic. 
B)  Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment. 
C)  Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. 
D)  Only heterotrophs have mitochondria.

Question 9

What happens to the free energy released as electrons are passed from photosystem II to photosystem I through a series of electron carriers?

Accepted Answer

A)  It excites electrons of the reaction center in photosystem I. 
B)  It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient. 
C)  It is used to synthesize ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D)  It is used to phosphorylate NAD⁺ to NADPH. 
A)  It excites electrons of the reaction center in photosystem I. 
B)  It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient. 
C)  It is used to synthesize ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D)  It is used to phosphorylate NAD⁺ to NADPH.

Question 10

Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon fixation 
B)  oxidation of NADPH 
C)  release of oxygen 
D)  regeneration of the CO₂ acceptor 
A)  carbon fixation 
B)  oxidation of NADPH 
C)  release of oxygen 
D)  regeneration of the CO₂ acceptor

Question 11

What is the function of the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex in the thylakoid membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They split water and release oxygen from the reaction-center chlorophyll. 
B)  They absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll. 
C)  They synthesize ATP from ADP and   ᵢ. 
D)  They transfer electrons to NADP⁺. 
A)  They split water and release oxygen from the reaction-center chlorophyll. 
B)  They absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll. 
C)  They synthesize ATP from ADP and   ᵢ. 
D)  They transfer electrons to NADP⁺.

Question 12

Why are the reaction centers of photosystems composed of several structurally different pigments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excited electrons must pass through several pigments before they can be transferred to electron acceptors of the electron transport chain. 
B)  This arrangement enables the plant to absorb light energy of a variety of wavelengths. 
C)  This arrangement enables the plant to absorb more photons from light energy, all of which are at the same wavelength. 
D)  This arrangement enables the reaction center to excite electrons to a higher energy level. 
A)  Excited electrons must pass through several pigments before they can be transferred to electron acceptors of the electron transport chain. 
B)  This arrangement enables the plant to absorb light energy of a variety of wavelengths. 
C)  This arrangement enables the plant to absorb more photons from light energy, all of which are at the same wavelength. 
D)  This arrangement enables the reaction center to excite electrons to a higher energy level.

Question 13

What is the relationship between the wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per photon?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a direct, linear relationship. 
B)  They are inversely related. 
C)  They are logarithmically related. 
D)  They are separate phenomena. 
A)  They have a direct, linear relationship. 
B)  They are inversely related. 
C)  They are logarithmically related. 
D)  They are separate phenomena.

Question 14

In the initial step in carbon fixation, a molecule of CO₂ is attached to RuBP to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is immediately split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to occur to complete the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  addition of a pair of electrons from NADPH 
B)  regeneration of ATP from ADP 
C)  regeneration of RuBP 
D)  regeneration of NADP⁺ 
A)  addition of a pair of electrons from NADPH 
B)  regeneration of ATP from ADP 
C)  regeneration of RuBP 
D)  regeneration of NADP⁺

Question 15

A flask containing photosynthetic green algae and a control flask containing water with no algae are both placed under a bank of lights that is set to cycle between 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark. The dissolved oxygen concentrations in both flasks are monitored. Predict what the relative dissolved oxygen concentrations will be in the flask with algae compared to the control flask. The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  always be higher 
B)  always be lower 
C)  be higher in the light, but the same in the dark 
D)  be higher in the light, but lower in the dark 
A)  always be higher 
B)  always be lower 
C)  be higher in the light, but the same in the dark 
D)  be higher in the light, but lower in the dark

Question 16

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADPH → O₂→ CO₂ 
B)  H₂O → NADPH → Calvin cycle 
C)  H₂O → photosystem I → photosystem II 
D)  NADP → Helectron transport chain → O₂ 
A)  NADPH → O₂→ CO₂ 
B)  H₂O → NADPH → Calvin cycle 
C)  H₂O → photosystem I → photosystem II 
D)  NADP → Helectron transport chain → O₂

Question 17

In autotrophic bacteria, where is chlorophyll located?

Accepted Answer

A)  in chloroplast membranes 
B)  in the cell wall 
C)  in the nucleoid 
D)  in infolded regions of the plasma membrane 
A)  in chloroplast membranes 
B)  in the cell wall 
C)  in the nucleoid 
D)  in infolded regions of the plasma membrane

Question 18

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
Halobacterium has a photosynthetic membrane that appears purple. Its photosynthetic action spectrum is the inverse of the action spectrum for green plants (see figure). That is, the Halobacterium action spectrum has a peak where the green plant action spectrum has a trough. What wavelengths of light do the Halobacterium photosynthetic pigments absorb?

Accepted Answer

A)  red and yellow 
B)  violet and blue 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  blue and red 
A)  red and yellow 
B)  violet and blue 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  blue and red

Question 19

Which of the following statements correctly describes a distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. 
B)  Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. 
C)  Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO₂ and other nutrients that are inorganic. 
D)  Only heterotrophs require oxygen. 
A)  Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. 
B)  Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. 
C)  Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO₂ and other nutrients that are inorganic. 
D)  Only heterotrophs require oxygen.

Question 20

How is photosynthesis similar in C₄ plants and CAM plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  In both cases, only photosystem I is used. 
B)  Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle. 
C)  In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially. 
D)  Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark. 
A)  In both cases, only photosystem I is used. 
B)  Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle. 
C)  In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially. 
D)  Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark.

Exam 10: Photosynthesis

Use the following figure to answer the question. The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different?

Where in a plant cell does the Calvin cycle take place?

Which of the following processes is directly associated with photosystem I?

Which of the following statements summarizes the metabolic results of photorespiration?

Compared to C₃ plants, C₄ plants ________.

In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs during ________.

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

What happens to the free energy released as electrons are passed from photosystem II to photosystem I through a series of electron carriers?

Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?

What is the function of the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex in the thylakoid membranes?

Why are the reaction centers of photosystems composed of several structurally different pigments?

What is the relationship between the wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per photon?

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

In autotrophic bacteria, where is chlorophyll located?

Which of the following statements correctly describes a distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

How is photosynthesis similar in C₄ plants and CAM plants?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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