Question 1

The key event that occurs during lysogenic replication of bacteriophage that does not occur during lytic replication is

Accepted Answer

A)  release of mature viral particles by lysis of the bacterial cell. 
B)  penetration of the phage DNA into the host cell. 
C)  attachment of the phage to specific proteins in the bacterial cell. 
D)  integration of the phage DNA into the host cell DNA. 
E)  assembly of new phage by packing viral genomes into capsids. 
A)  release of mature viral particles by lysis of the bacterial cell. 
B)  penetration of the phage DNA into the host cell. 
C)  attachment of the phage to specific proteins in the bacterial cell. 
D)  integration of the phage DNA into the host cell DNA. 
E)  assembly of new phage by packing viral genomes into capsids.

Question 2

What does the plaque assay determine?

Accepted Answer

A)  if the virus can grow in a live animal host 
B)  number of bacteriophage in a sample 
C)  if the phage is a lysogenic phage 
D)  type of bacteriophage in a sample 
E)  if a given drug will be useful in treating a given viral infection 
A)  if the virus can grow in a live animal host 
B)  number of bacteriophage in a sample 
C)  if the phage is a lysogenic phage 
D)  type of bacteriophage in a sample 
E)  if a given drug will be useful in treating a given viral infection

Question 3

Which description of antigenic drift and antigenic shift in the influenza virus is incorrectly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antigenic shift: Often leads to viral strains with new features such as increased infectivity or expanded host range. 
B)  Antigenic drift: Spontaneous mutation leads to a minor change in HA or NA spikes. 
C)  Antigenic shift: May result in a pandemic outbreak due to widespread lack of immunity. 
D)  Antigenic drift: A host vaccinated against an influenza strain before antigenic drift may lack effective immunity and be susceptible to infection. 
E)  Antigenic drift: Often involves reassortment of viral strains in an animal host followed by a "species jump" to humans. 
A)  Antigenic shift: Often leads to viral strains with new features such as increased infectivity or expanded host range. 
B)  Antigenic drift: Spontaneous mutation leads to a minor change in HA or NA spikes. 
C)  Antigenic shift: May result in a pandemic outbreak due to widespread lack of immunity. 
D)  Antigenic drift: A host vaccinated against an influenza strain before antigenic drift may lack effective immunity and be susceptible to infection. 
E)  Antigenic drift: Often involves reassortment of viral strains in an animal host followed by a "species jump" to humans.

Question 4

Compared to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, viruses

Accepted Answer

A)  are generally smaller. 
B)  lack proteins. 
C)  lack genetic material. 
D)  have similar metabolic processes. 
E)  are not filterable. 
A)  are generally smaller. 
B)  lack proteins. 
C)  lack genetic material. 
D)  have similar metabolic processes. 
E)  are not filterable.

Question 5

Both viruses and prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which property is not used to classify viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  tissue types infected 
B)  presence or absence of an envelope 
C)  type of nucleic acid present 
D)  genome architecture 
E)  capsid symmetry 
A)  tissue types infected 
B)  presence or absence of an envelope 
C)  type of nucleic acid present 
D)  genome architecture 
E)  capsid symmetry

Question 7

All the following are DNA viruses except

Accepted Answer

A)  Papillomaviridae. 
B)  Picornaviridae. 
C)  Adenoviridae. 
D)  Herpeseviridae. 
E)  Hepadnaviridae. 
A)  Papillomaviridae. 
B)  Picornaviridae. 
C)  Adenoviridae. 
D)  Herpeseviridae. 
E)  Hepadnaviridae.

Question 8

The shape of a virus may be determined by either its capsid or its envelope.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Select three points in the viral replication process and describe how an antiviral drug may be used to target that point. Provide the name of one drug or drug family that targets the steps you chose.

Accepted Answer

Attachment may be blocked by antibodies

Question 10

When mixed with their host bacterium and plated on solid agar, lytic phage will form clear areas in the bacterial growth. What are these clear areas called?

Accepted Answer

A)  plaques 
B)  zones of inhibition 
C)  assays 
D)  titers 
E)  halos 
A)  plaques 
B)  zones of inhibition 
C)  assays 
D)  titers 
E)  halos

Question 11

One ml of a liquid suspension of bacteriophage is mixed with its host bacteria and plated. After incubation, the plate is completely clear. What is the probable explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria mutated and could no longer be infected by this phage. 
B)  The bacteriophage doesn't grow on the type of agar used. 
C)  The bacteriophage culture was dead. 
D)  The phage concentration was so high that all the host bacterial cells were killed. 
E)  The phage concentration was too low to infect many bacterial cells. 
A)  The bacteria mutated and could no longer be infected by this phage. 
B)  The bacteriophage doesn't grow on the type of agar used. 
C)  The bacteriophage culture was dead. 
D)  The phage concentration was so high that all the host bacterial cells were killed. 
E)  The phage concentration was too low to infect many bacterial cells.

Question 12

Prions are

Accepted Answer

A)  associated with many tissue types. 
B)  living, acellular entities. 
C)  diagnosed with a simple blood test. 
D)  misfolded proteins which can cause normal versions to also misfold. 
E)  infectious nucleic acids. 
A)  associated with many tissue types. 
B)  living, acellular entities. 
C)  diagnosed with a simple blood test. 
D)  misfolded proteins which can cause normal versions to also misfold. 
E)  infectious nucleic acids.

Question 13

Naked viruses usually exit the animal host cell by budding while enveloped viruses exit by lysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Like bacteriophage, when an animal cell virus enters a host cell, only the genome enters while the capsid remains outside the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which type of viral infection is demonstrated by the graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic persistent 
B)  acute non- persistent 
C)  latent persistent 
D)  lysogenic 
E)  acute persistent 
A)  chronic persistent 
B)  acute non- persistent 
C)  latent persistent 
D)  lysogenic 
E)  acute persistent

Question 16

A previously undescribed infection has been detected among inhabitants in an isolated village in a remote tropical rainforest. When serum from an infected individual is passed through a filter, the infection can be transmitted to laboratory animals. Nothing is observed when the serum is examined with a light microscope at the highest magnification. Biochemical tests show the presence of RNA and protein but no carbohydrates or lipids. This data is consistent with what type of infectious agent?

Accepted Answer

A)  virus 
B)  prokaryote 
C)  eukaryote 
D)  either a virus or a prokaryote 
E)  either a virus, a prokaryote, or a eukaryote 
A)  virus 
B)  prokaryote 
C)  eukaryote 
D)  either a virus or a prokaryote 
E)  either a virus, a prokaryote, or a eukaryote

Question 17

Use the concepts of antigenic drift and antigenic shift to describe why influenza causes both "routine" seasonal outbreaks as well as to periodically cause more serious global outbreaks, or pandemics.

Accepted Answer

Influenza has two spikes, HA and NA, whi

Question 18

Retroviruses use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to

Accepted Answer

A)  transcribe mRNA from a DNA genome. 
B)  direct the production of DNA from a single- stranded RNA genome. 
C)  synthesize a hybrid molecule with one DNA stranded base- paired to the complementary RNA strand. 
D)  synthesize sense- stranded mRNA from an antisense RNA genome. 
E)  synthesize double- stranded RNA. 
A)  transcribe mRNA from a DNA genome. 
B)  direct the production of DNA from a single- stranded RNA genome. 
C)  synthesize a hybrid molecule with one DNA stranded base- paired to the complementary RNA strand. 
D)  synthesize sense- stranded mRNA from an antisense RNA genome. 
E)  synthesize double- stranded RNA.

Question 19

All persistent viral infections occur when the virus integrates into the host cell DNA to form a provirus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which viral family and representative disease contains single- stranded+ RNA and reverse transcriptase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orthomyxoviridae (influenza) 
B)  Retroviridae (AIDS) 
C)  Filoviridae (Ebola) 
D)  Paramyxoviridae (measles) 
E)  Rhabdoviridae (rabies) 
A)  Orthomyxoviridae (influenza) 
B)  Retroviridae (AIDS) 
C)  Filoviridae (Ebola) 
D)  Paramyxoviridae (measles) 
E)  Rhabdoviridae (rabies)

The key event that occurs during lysogenic replication of bacteriophage that does not occur during lytic replication is

What does the plaque assay determine?

Which description of antigenic drift and antigenic shift in the influenza virus is incorrectly matched?

Compared to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, viruses

Both viruses and prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission.

Which property is not used to classify viruses?

All the following are DNA viruses except

The shape of a virus may be determined by either its capsid or its envelope.

Select three points in the viral replication process and describe how an antiviral drug may be used to target that point. Provide the name of one drug or drug family that targets the steps you chose.

When mixed with their host bacterium and plated on solid agar, lytic phage will form clear areas in the bacterial growth. What are these clear areas called?

One ml of a liquid suspension of bacteriophage is mixed with its host bacteria and plated. After incubation, the plate is completely clear. What is the probable explanation?

Prions are

Naked viruses usually exit the animal host cell by budding while enveloped viruses exit by lysis.

Like bacteriophage, when an animal cell virus enters a host cell, only the genome enters while the capsid remains outside the cell.

Which type of viral infection is demonstrated by the graph?

Use the concepts of antigenic drift and antigenic shift to describe why influenza causes both "routine" seasonal outbreaks as well as to periodically cause more serious global outbreaks, or pandemics.

Retroviruses use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to

All persistent viral infections occur when the virus integrates into the host cell DNA to form a provirus.

Which viral family and representative disease contains single- stranded+ RNA and reverse transcriptase?

Introduction to Microbiology

Biochemistry Basics

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells

Genetics

Fundamentals of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology

Host-Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune System Disorders

Vaccines and Biotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Antimicrobial Drugs

Respiratory System Infections

Skin and Eye Infections

Nervous System Infections

Digestive System Infections

Urinary and Reproductive System Infections

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections

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Exam 6: Viruses and Prions

The key event that occurs during lysogenic replication of bacteriophage that does not occur during lytic replication is

What does the plaque assay determine?

Which description of antigenic drift and antigenic shift in the influenza virus is incorrectly matched?

Compared to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, viruses

Both viruses and prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission.

Which property is not used to classify viruses?

All the following are DNA viruses except

The shape of a virus may be determined by either its capsid or its envelope.

Select three points in the viral replication process and describe how an antiviral drug may be used to target that point. Provide the name of one drug or drug family that targets the steps you chose.

When mixed with their host bacterium and plated on solid agar, lytic phage will form clear areas in the bacterial growth. What are these clear areas called?

One ml of a liquid suspension of bacteriophage is mixed with its host bacteria and plated. After incubation, the plate is completely clear. What is the probable explanation?

Prions are

Naked viruses usually exit the animal host cell by budding while enveloped viruses exit by lysis.

Like bacteriophage, when an animal cell virus enters a host cell, only the genome enters while the capsid remains outside the cell.

Which type of viral infection is demonstrated by the graph?

Use the concepts of antigenic drift and antigenic shift to describe why influenza causes both "routine" seasonal outbreaks as well as to periodically cause more serious global outbreaks, or pandemics.

Retroviruses use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to

All persistent viral infections occur when the virus integrates into the host cell DNA to form a provirus.

Which viral family and representative disease contains single- stranded+ RNA and reverse transcriptase?

Introduction to Microbiology

Biochemistry Basics

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells

Genetics

Fundamentals of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology

Host-Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune System Disorders

Vaccines and Biotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Antimicrobial Drugs

Respiratory System Infections

Skin and Eye Infections

Nervous System Infections

Digestive System Infections

Urinary and Reproductive System Infections

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections

Filters