Question 1

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
"A" is ________; "B" is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the most recent species to evolve on Earth; an ancestor of group "A" 
B)  the most recent species to evolve on Earth; the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya 
C)  the common ancestor of all life; the common ancestor of Bacteria and Archaea. 
D)  the common ancestor of all life; the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya 
A)  the most recent species to evolve on Earth; an ancestor of group "A" 
B)  the most recent species to evolve on Earth; the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya 
C)  the common ancestor of all life; the common ancestor of Bacteria and Archaea. 
D)  the common ancestor of all life; the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya D

Question 2

Plants convert ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical energy to mechanical energy. 
B)  sunlight to mechanical energy. 
C)  sunlight to chemical energy. 
D)  mechanical energy to chemical energy. 
A)  chemical energy to mechanical energy. 
B)  sunlight to mechanical energy. 
C)  sunlight to chemical energy. 
D)  mechanical energy to chemical energy. C

Question 3

Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic. 
B)  These organisms live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using photosynthesis. 
C)  If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating. 
D)  If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus. 
A)  Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic. 
B)  These organisms live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using photosynthesis. 
C)  If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating. 
D)  If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus. A

Question 4

All the organisms on your campus make up

Accepted Answer

A)  an ecosystem. 
B)  a community. 
C)  a population. 
D)  a taxonomic domain. 
A)  an ecosystem. 
B)  a community. 
C)  a population. 
D)  a taxonomic domain.

Question 5

The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  technology 
B)  deductive science 
C)  inductive science 
D)  pure science 
A)  technology 
B)  deductive science 
C)  inductive science 
D)  pure science

Question 6

A controlled experiment ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate 
B)  includes at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment 
C)  includes at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables 
D)  includes one group for which the scientist controls all variables 
A)  is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate 
B)  includes at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment 
C)  includes at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables 
D)  includes one group for which the scientist controls all variables

Question 7

Which of the following order is correct in terms of the hierarchy of the organization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecosystem → Biosphere → Population → Community → Organism 
B)  Biosphere → Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organism 
C)  Ecosystem → Community → Biosphere → Population → Organism 
D)  Biosphere → Ecosystem →Community → Population → Organism 
A)  Ecosystem → Biosphere → Population → Community → Organism 
B)  Biosphere → Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organism 
C)  Ecosystem → Community → Biosphere → Population → Organism 
D)  Biosphere → Ecosystem →Community → Population → Organism

Question 8

How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories are proposed to test scientific hypotheses. 
B)  Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typically address more specific issues. 
C)  Hypotheses are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; theories typically address more specific issues. 
D)  Confirmed theories become scientific laws; hypotheses become theories. 
A)  Theories are proposed to test scientific hypotheses. 
B)  Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typically address more specific issues. 
C)  Hypotheses are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; theories typically address more specific issues. 
D)  Confirmed theories become scientific laws; hypotheses become theories.

Question 9

Agrobacterium infects plants and causes them to form tumors. You are asked to determine how long a plant must be exposed to these bacteria to become infected. Which of the following experiments will provide the best data to address that question?

Accepted Answer

A)  Determine the survival rate of Agrobacterium when exposed to different concentrations of an antibiotic. 
B)  Measure the number of tumors formed on a plant when exposed to various concentrations of Agrobacterium. 
C)  Measure the concentration of Agrobacterium in different soil environments where the plants grow. 
D)  Measure the number of tumors formed on plants, which are exposed to Agrobacterium for different lengths of time. 
A)  Determine the survival rate of Agrobacterium when exposed to different concentrations of an antibiotic. 
B)  Measure the number of tumors formed on a plant when exposed to various concentrations of Agrobacterium. 
C)  Measure the concentration of Agrobacterium in different soil environments where the plants grow. 
D)  Measure the number of tumors formed on plants, which are exposed to Agrobacterium for different lengths of time.

Question 10

Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  emergent properties 
B)  descent with modification 
C)  the structure and function of DNA 
D)  natural selection 
A)  emergent properties 
B)  descent with modification 
C)  the structure and function of DNA 
D)  natural selection

Question 11

Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observation → Analysis → Hypothesis → Conclusion → Communicate results → Experiment 
B)  Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Communicate results → Analysis → Conclusion 
C)  Experiment → Hypothesis → Observation → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results 
D)  Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results 
A)  Observation → Analysis → Hypothesis → Conclusion → Communicate results → Experiment 
B)  Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Communicate results → Analysis → Conclusion 
C)  Experiment → Hypothesis → Observation → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results 
D)  Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate results

Question 12

Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  informatics 
B)  taxonomy 
C)  genomics 
D)  evolution 
A)  informatics 
B)  taxonomy 
C)  genomics 
D)  evolution

Question 13

The evolution of one species into two or more species as a result of different populations becoming reproductively isolated from each other is best termed as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive radiation 
B)  creationism. 
C)  natural selection 
D)  prototype 
A)  adaptive radiation 
B)  creationism. 
C)  natural selection 
D)  prototype

Question 14

In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are more structurally complex 
B)  are larger 
C)  are smaller 
D)  do not have membranes 
A)  are more structurally complex 
B)  are larger 
C)  are smaller 
D)  do not have membranes

Question 15

Use the following information when answering the following question.
In 1668, Francesco Redi performed a series of experiments on spontaneous generation. He began by putting similar pieces of meat into eight identical jars. Four jars were left open to the air, and four were sealed. He then did the same experiment with one variation: Instead of sealing four of the jars completely, he covered them with gauze (the gauze excluded the flies while allowing the meat to be exposed to air). In both experiments, he monitored the jars and recorded whether or not maggots (young flies)appeared in the meat.
In both experiments, flies appeared in all of the open jars and only in the open jars. Which one of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The experiment was inconclusive because Redi used only one kind of meat. 
B)  The experiment was inconclusive because it did not run long enough. 
C)  The experiment supports the hypothesis that spontaneous generation occurs in rotting meat. 
D)  The experiment supports the hypothesis that maggots arise only from eggs laid by adult flies. 
A)  The experiment was inconclusive because Redi used only one kind of meat. 
B)  The experiment was inconclusive because it did not run long enough. 
C)  The experiment supports the hypothesis that spontaneous generation occurs in rotting meat. 
D)  The experiment supports the hypothesis that maggots arise only from eggs laid by adult flies.

Question 16

A controlled experiment is one that

Accepted Answer

A)  proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the results. 
B)  tests experimental and control groups in parallel. 
C)  is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurate. 
D)  keeps all variables constant. 
A)  proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the results. 
B)  tests experimental and control groups in parallel. 
C)  is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurate. 
D)  keeps all variables constant.

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of Charles Darwin's observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals in a population vary in their traits. 
B)  Many of the traits in an individual are heritable. 
C)  A population avoids competition by producing only as many offspring as can successfully reproduce on their own. 
D)  Species generally are adapted to their environments. 
A)  Individuals in a population vary in their traits. 
B)  Many of the traits in an individual are heritable. 
C)  A population avoids competition by producing only as many offspring as can successfully reproduce on their own. 
D)  Species generally are adapted to their environments.

Question 18

Which sentence best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?

Accepted Answer

A)  If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it. 
B)  If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis. 
C)  If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis. 
D)  If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results. 
A)  If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it. 
B)  If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis. 
C)  If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis. 
D)  If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.

Question 19

The temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will determine the sex of the offspring. The dependent and the independent variables in this experiment are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sex of the baby alligator and temperature respectively 
B)  temperature and sex of the baby alligator respectively 
C)  size of the incubator and size of the baby alligator respectively 
D)  number of offspring and temperature in the incubator respectively 
A)  sex of the baby alligator and temperature respectively 
B)  temperature and sex of the baby alligator respectively 
C)  size of the incubator and size of the baby alligator respectively 
D)  number of offspring and temperature in the incubator respectively

Question 20

Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

A)  animal 
B)  plant 
C)  archaean. 
D)  fungi 
A)  animal 
B)  plant 
C)  archaean. 
D)  fungi

Exam 1: Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

Use the following figure to answer the question. "A" is ________; "B" is ________.

Plants convert ________.

Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?

All the organisms on your campus make up

The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as ________.

A controlled experiment ________.

Which of the following order is correct in terms of the hierarchy of the organization?

How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?

Agrobacterium infects plants and causes them to form tumors. You are asked to determine how long a plant must be exposed to these bacteria to become infected. Which of the following experiments will provide the best data to address that question?

Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?

Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?

Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?

The evolution of one species into two or more species as a result of different populations becoming reproductively isolated from each other is best termed as ________.

In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes ________.

A controlled experiment is one that

Which of the following is not one of Charles Darwin's observations?

Which sentence best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?

The temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will determine the sex of the offspring. The dependent and the independent variables in this experiment are ________.

Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Use the following figure to answer the question. "A" is ; "B" is .