Question 1

After surgical removal of the gallbladder, a person might need to limit his or her dietary intake of

Accepted Answer

A)  starch. 
B)  protein. 
C)  sugar. 
D)  fat. 
A)  starch. 
B)  protein. 
C)  sugar. 
D)  fat. D

Question 2

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. Most of the digestion of fats occurs in structure(s)________.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 only 
B)  4 only 
C)  1 and 4 
D)  3 and 4 
A)  3 only 
B)  4 only 
C)  1 and 4 
D)  3 and 4 B

Question 3

Which of the following is a difference between vitamins and minerals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamins are involved in regulating enzyme activity, but minerals are not. 
B)  Vitamins are organic molecules, but minerals are inorganic molecules. 
C)  Minerals are obtained by an animal through dietary sources, but vitamins are made by the animal. 
D)  Vitamins and minerals are only obtained by digesting plants. 
A)  Vitamins are involved in regulating enzyme activity, but minerals are not. 
B)  Vitamins are organic molecules, but minerals are inorganic molecules. 
C)  Minerals are obtained by an animal through dietary sources, but vitamins are made by the animal. 
D)  Vitamins and minerals are only obtained by digesting plants. B

Question 4

If a mammal did not obtain enough iodine in its diet, you might expect ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a decreased ability to produce thyroid hormones 
B)  a decrease in enzyme function 
C)  the animal to have weak bones 
D)  a decrease in muscle function 
A)  a decreased ability to produce thyroid hormones 
B)  a decrease in enzyme function 
C)  the animal to have weak bones 
D)  a decrease in muscle function

Question 5

Pepsinogen is converted to its active form in the stomach by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  HCl 
B)  chief cells 
C)  high pH conditions 
D)  parietal cells 
A)  HCl 
B)  chief cells 
C)  high pH conditions 
D)  parietal cells

Question 6

In the digestive system, peristalsis is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine 
B)  voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation 
C)  the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel 
D)  smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus 
A)  a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine 
B)  voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation 
C)  the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel 
D)  smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus

Question 7

Why do the cells of the digestive system secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin, in their inactive forms?

Accepted Answer

A)  These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them. 
B)  By secreting inactive enzymes, the catalytic activity of the enzymes is maintained for a longer time. 
C)  The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. 
D)  Inactive pepsin and trypsin are more easily transported across the cell membrane 
A)  These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them. 
B)  By secreting inactive enzymes, the catalytic activity of the enzymes is maintained for a longer time. 
C)  The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. 
D)  Inactive pepsin and trypsin are more easily transported across the cell membrane

Question 8

What benefit is gained by intestinal bacteria living in a mutualistic relationship with an animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria are provided with a regular source of nutrients. 
B)  Temperature is always regulated. 
C)  The bacteria can easily infect the animal's intestinal cells. 
D)  The bacteria can avoid the animal's immune system. 
A)  The bacteria are provided with a regular source of nutrients. 
B)  Temperature is always regulated. 
C)  The bacteria can easily infect the animal's intestinal cells. 
D)  The bacteria can avoid the animal's immune system.

Question 9

If you place a small piece of a cracker on your tongue, what would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The vitamins in the cracker are immediately absorbed. 
B)  Salivary amylase degrades the starch from the cracker into glucose. 
C)  The proteins in the cracker begin to be digested. 
D)  The flavor becomes less noticeable because the sugars are digested. 
A)  The vitamins in the cracker are immediately absorbed. 
B)  Salivary amylase degrades the starch from the cracker into glucose. 
C)  The proteins in the cracker begin to be digested. 
D)  The flavor becomes less noticeable because the sugars are digested.

Question 10

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  production of vitamins A and C 
B)  absorption of organic materials 
C)  production of vitamin K 
D)  recovery of water from fecal matter 
A)  production of vitamins A and C 
B)  absorption of organic materials 
C)  production of vitamin K 
D)  recovery of water from fecal matter

Question 11

A zoologist analyzes the jawbones of an extinct mammal and concludes that it was an herbivore. The zoologist most likely came to this conclusion based upon the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  position of muscle attachment sites 
B)  shape of the teeth 
C)  size of the mouth opening 
D)  angle of the teeth in the mouth 
A)  position of muscle attachment sites 
B)  shape of the teeth 
C)  size of the mouth opening 
D)  angle of the teeth in the mouth

Question 12

Ticks are parasites that obtain nutrients by ingesting blood from a host animal. Ticks would be classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  filter feeders 
B)  substrate feeders 
C)  fluid feeders 
D)  bulk feeders 
A)  filter feeders 
B)  substrate feeders 
C)  fluid feeders 
D)  bulk feeders

Question 13

When used appropriately, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. What is one concern when using antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibiotics also damage animal cells, so they can be more harmful than a bacterial infection. 
B)  Antibiotics cause viruses to become more effective at infecting cells. 
C)  Each antibiotic is only effective against one type of bacteria, so effects on infection are limited. 
D)  Antibiotics may also kill the beneficial bacteria of the microbiome, thereby disrupting digestive health. 
A)  Antibiotics also damage animal cells, so they can be more harmful than a bacterial infection. 
B)  Antibiotics cause viruses to become more effective at infecting cells. 
C)  Each antibiotic is only effective against one type of bacteria, so effects on infection are limited. 
D)  Antibiotics may also kill the beneficial bacteria of the microbiome, thereby disrupting digestive health.

Question 14

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion 
B)  absorption 
C)  filtration 
D)  temperature regulation 
A)  secretion 
B)  absorption 
C)  filtration 
D)  temperature regulation

Question 15

Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach-fat digestion 
B)  large intestine-bile production 
C)  small intestine-polysaccharide digestion 
D)  pancreas-starch digestion 
A)  stomach-fat digestion 
B)  large intestine-bile production 
C)  small intestine-polysaccharide digestion 
D)  pancreas-starch digestion

Question 16

A relatively long cecum is characteristic of animals that are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  carnivores 
B)  herbivores 
C)  autotrophs 
D)  omnivores 
A)  carnivores 
B)  herbivores 
C)  autotrophs 
D)  omnivores

Question 17

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  excludes the need for extracellular digestion 
B)  allows for specialized regions with specialized functions 
C)  allows extensive branching 
D)  facilitates intracellular digestion 
A)  excludes the need for extracellular digestion 
B)  allows for specialized regions with specialized functions 
C)  allows extensive branching 
D)  facilitates intracellular digestion

Question 18

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. Bacteria that produce vitamins are found in the greatest concentration in location ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  8 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  8

Question 19

The process by which digested dietary substances cross cell membranes to be used by the body is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  absorption 
A)  ingestion 
B)  digestion 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  absorption

Question 20

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  initiate the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach 
B)  initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
C)  initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
D)  delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine 
A)  initiate the chemical digestion of protein in the stomach 
B)  initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
C)  initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach 
D)  delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

After surgical removal of the gallbladder, a person might need to limit his or her dietary intake of

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. Most of the digestion of fats occurs in structure(s)________.

Which of the following is a difference between vitamins and minerals?

If a mammal did not obtain enough iodine in its diet, you might expect ________.

Pepsinogen is converted to its active form in the stomach by ________.

In the digestive system, peristalsis is ________.

Why do the cells of the digestive system secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin, in their inactive forms?

What benefit is gained by intestinal bacteria living in a mutualistic relationship with an animal?

If you place a small piece of a cracker on your tongue, what would you expect to happen?

A significant contribution of intestinal bacteria to human nutrition is the benefit of bacterial ________.

A zoologist analyzes the jawbones of an extinct mammal and concludes that it was an herbivore. The zoologist most likely came to this conclusion based upon the ________.

Ticks are parasites that obtain nutrients by ingesting blood from a host animal. Ticks would be classified as ________.

When used appropriately, antibiotic treatment can effectively reduce bacteria populations and help fight infections. However, antibiotic treatments can have unintended effects. What is one concern when using antibiotics?

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates ________.

Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

A relatively long cecum is characteristic of animals that are ________.

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system ________.

Examine the digestive system structures in the figure. Bacteria that produce vitamins are found in the greatest concentration in location ________.

The process by which digested dietary substances cross cell membranes to be used by the body is known as ________.

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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