Exam 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis through which of the following ways?

Single-celled Paramecium live in pond water (a hypotonic environment relative to the cytosol). They have a structural feature, a contractile vacuole, which enables them to osmoregulate. If sucrose or saline was added to the pond water in different concentrations (in millimolars, mM), under which conditions would you expect the contractile vacuole to be most active?

Low selectivity of solute movement is a characteristic of ________.

A human who has no access to fresh water but is forced to drink seawater instead will ________.

Which process in the nephron is least selective?

Compared to wetland mammals, water conservation in mammals of arid regions is enhanced by having more ________.

Animals have adapted different mechanisms for excreting nitrogenous waste products. Which of the following are selective pressures that likely influence which mechanism an animal uses? I.the amount of water available in the animal's habitat II.the energy needs of the animal III.the temperature of the animal's environment

Studies of cricket Malpighian tubules revealed that potassium ions accumulated inside the tubule, moving against the potassium concentration gradient. Based on the information, what can you infer about the mechanism of potassium transport?

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of a freshwater flatworm is based on the operation of ________.

Materials are returned to the blood from the filtrate by which of the following processes?

Increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH)secretion is likely after ________.

Choose a pair that correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal.

Which of the following is characteristic of juxtamedullary nephrons?

Salmon eggs hatch in fresh water. The fish then migrate to the ocean (a hypertonic solution)and, after several years of feeding and growing, return to fresh water to breed. How can these organisms make the transition from fresh water to ocean water and back to fresh water?

Use the following figure to answer the question. Filtration takes place in the structure labeled ________.

Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in ________.

Use the following figure to answer the question. The structure labeled ________ can be influenced by hormones to change the concentration of the urine.

Birds secrete uric acid as their nitrogenous waste because uric acid ________.

Why are the renal artery and vein critical to the process of osmoregulation in vertebrates?

Ammonia is likely to be the primary nitrogenous waste in living conditions that include ________.