Question 1

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)  a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group 
B)  a nitrogenous base and a sugar 
C)  a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar 
D)  a sugar and a purine or pyrimidine 
A)  a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group 
B)  a nitrogenous base and a sugar 
C)  a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar 
D)  a sugar and a purine or pyrimidine C

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the 5 end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The 5 end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
B)  The 5 end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
C)  The 5 end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. 
D)  The 5 end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
A)  The 5 end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
B)  The 5 end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
C)  The 5 end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. 
D)  The 5 end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. B

Question 3

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  transmit genetic information to offspring 
B)  function in the synthesis of proteins 
C)  make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity 
D)  act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA 
A)  transmit genetic information to offspring 
B)  function in the synthesis of proteins 
C)  make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity 
D)  act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA B

Question 4

Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?

Accepted Answer

A)  disaccharide 
B)  polysaccharide 
C)  starch 
D)  carbohydrate 
A)  disaccharide 
B)  polysaccharide 
C)  starch 
D)  carbohydrate

Question 5

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure.
 
Which of the following combinations of molecules illustrated could be linked to form a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, and 11 
B)  3, 7, and 8 
C)  5, 9, and 10 
D)  11, 12, and 13 
A)  1, 2, and 11 
B)  3, 7, and 8 
C)  5, 9, and 10 
D)  11, 12, and 13

Question 6

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart. 
B)  Dehydration reactions eliminate water from membranes; hydrolysis reactions add water to membranes. 
C)  Dehydration reactions and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers from monomers. 
D)  Hydrolysis reactions create polymers, and dehydration reactions create monomers. 
A)  Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart. 
B)  Dehydration reactions eliminate water from membranes; hydrolysis reactions add water to membranes. 
C)  Dehydration reactions and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers from monomers. 
D)  Hydrolysis reactions create polymers, and dehydration reactions create monomers.

Question 7

The central rule of molecular biology states that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein 
B)  DNA is translated into protein 
C)  DNA is translated into RNA, which is transcribed into protein 
D)  RNA is transcribed into protein 
A)  DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein 
B)  DNA is translated into protein 
C)  DNA is translated into RNA, which is transcribed into protein 
D)  RNA is transcribed into protein

Question 8

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
The molecule illustrated in the figure ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a saturated fatty acid 
B)  stores genetic information 
C)  will be liquid at room temperature 
D)  is a carbohydrate 
A)  is a saturated fatty acid 
B)  stores genetic information 
C)  will be liquid at room temperature 
D)  is a carbohydrate

Question 9

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure.
 
Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and is found in plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  12 
D)  14 
A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  12 
D)  14

Question 10

Which of the following is true of unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more common in animals than in plants. 
B)  They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains. 
C)  They generally solidify at room temperature. 
D)  They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. 
A)  They are more common in animals than in plants. 
B)  They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains. 
C)  They generally solidify at room temperature. 
D)  They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.

Question 11

A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism is more closely related to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  humans than to frogs 
B)  frogs than to humans 
C)  rats than to frogs 
D)  gibbons than to rats 
A)  humans than to frogs 
B)  frogs than to humans 
C)  rats than to frogs 
D)  gibbons than to rats

Question 12

Use the following information to answer the question.
"The native structure of hemoglobin (Hb)comprises of two α and two β subunits, each of which carries a heme group. There appear to be no previous studies that report the in-vitro folding and assembly of Hb from highly unfolded α and β globin in a 'one-pot' reaction. One difficulty that has to be overcome for studies of this kind is the tendency of Hb to aggregate during refolding. This work demonstrates that denaturation of Hb in 40% acetonitrile at pH 10.0 is reversible." (J Am Soc Mass Spectrum 2007, 18, 8-16)
How many heme groups are present in three hemoglobin protein molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  9 
D)  12 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  9 
D)  12

Question 13

A tripeptide has ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  three amino acids and two peptide bonds 
B)  three amino acids and three peptide bonds 
C)  two amino acids and three peptide bonds 
D)  four amino acids and three peptide bonds 
A)  three amino acids and two peptide bonds 
B)  three amino acids and three peptide bonds 
C)  two amino acids and three peptide bonds 
D)  four amino acids and three peptide bonds

Question 14

Maltose is a disaccharide that can easily be digested into glucose molecules. The glycosidic linkage between glucose molecules in maltose is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  β 1-4 
B)  α 1-2 
C)  α 1-4 
D)  β 1-2 
A)  β 1-4 
B)  α 1-2 
C)  α 1-4 
D)  β 1-2

Question 15

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B)  The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. 
C)  The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
A)  The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B)  The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. 
C)  The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

Question 16

Starch is composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  branched amylopectin and branched amylose 
B)  unbranched amylopectin and unbranched amylose 
C)  branched amylopectin and unbranched amylose 
D)  unbranched amylopectin and branched amylose 
A)  branched amylopectin and branched amylose 
B)  unbranched amylopectin and unbranched amylose 
C)  branched amylopectin and unbranched amylose 
D)  unbranched amylopectin and branched amylose

Question 17

Cooking oil and gasoline (a hydrocarbon)are not amphipathic molecules because they ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  do not have a polar or charged region 
B)  do not have a nonpolar region 
C)  have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions 
D)  are highly reduced molecules 
A)  do not have a polar or charged region 
B)  do not have a nonpolar region 
C)  have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions 
D)  are highly reduced molecules

Question 18

The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient. Hydrogenated vegetable oil ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is solid at room temperature 
B)  has more "kinks" in the fatty acid chains 
C)  has fewer trans fatty acids 
D)  is less likely to clog arteries 
A)  is solid at room temperature 
B)  has more "kinks" in the fatty acid chains 
C)  has fewer trans fatty acids 
D)  is less likely to clog arteries

Question 19

Homo sapiens have 23 pairs of chromosomes. This implies that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  46 double-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
B)  23 single-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
C)  23 double-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
D)  several hundreds of genes are present on DNA but not on the chromosomes 
A)  46 double-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
B)  23 single-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
C)  23 double-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
D)  several hundreds of genes are present on DNA but not on the chromosomes

Question 20

In an RNA sample, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of thiamine may or may not equal the number of adenine 
B)  the number of purine always equals the number of pyrimidine 
C)  the number of thiamine always equals the number of uracil 
D)  the number of purine may or may not equal the number of and pyrimidine 
A)  the number of thiamine may or may not equal the number of adenine 
B)  the number of purine always equals the number of pyrimidine 
C)  the number of thiamine always equals the number of uracil 
D)  the number of purine may or may not equal the number of and pyrimidine

Exam 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

Which of the following statements about the 5 end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to ________.

Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. Which of the following combinations of molecules illustrated could be linked to form a nucleotide?

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

The central rule of molecular biology states that ________.

Use the following figure to answer the question. The molecule illustrated in the figure ________.

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and is found in plasma membranes?

Which of the following is true of unsaturated fats?

A tripeptide has ________.

Maltose is a disaccharide that can easily be digested into glucose molecules. The glycosidic linkage between glucose molecules in maltose is ________.

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

Starch is composed of ________.

Cooking oil and gasoline (a hydrocarbon)are not amphipathic molecules because they ________.

The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient. Hydrogenated vegetable oil ________.

Homo sapiens have 23 pairs of chromosomes. This implies that ________.

In an RNA sample, ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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