Question 1

Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroxyl 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  amino 
D)  phosphate 
A)  hydroxyl 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  amino 
D)  phosphate C

Question 2

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Therefore, this compound ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lacks an asymmetric carbon and is probably a fat or lipid 
B)  should dissolve in water 
C)  should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent 
D)  will not form hydrogen bonds with water 
A)  lacks an asymmetric carbon and is probably a fat or lipid 
B)  should dissolve in water 
C)  should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent 
D)  will not form hydrogen bonds with water B

Question 3

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  be more flexible in structure 
B)  be more constrained in structure 
C)  be more polar 
D)  have more hydrogen atoms 
A)  be more flexible in structure 
B)  be more constrained in structure 
C)  be more polar 
D)  have more hydrogen atoms B

Question 4

Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenosine 
B)  cytosine 
C)  guanine 
D)  uracil 
A)  adenosine 
B)  cytosine 
C)  guanine 
D)  uracil

Question 5

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. 
B)  They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. 
C)  They have the same chemical properties. 
D)  They have different molecular formulas. 
A)  They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. 
B)  They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. 
C)  They have the same chemical properties. 
D)  They have different molecular formulas.

Question 6

A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valency is 4. This is because the carbon atom ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  donates its 2 electrons to another atom 
B)  shares its 2 electrons and bonds with another atom 
C)  has 4 electrons in its first shell and 2 in the second shell 
D)  has only 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the second shell 
A)  donates its 2 electrons to another atom 
B)  shares its 2 electrons and bonds with another atom 
C)  has 4 electrons in its first shell and 2 in the second shell 
D)  has only 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the second shell

Question 7

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  isotopes 
B)  enantiomers 
C)  cis-trans isomers 
D)  structural isomers 
A)  isotopes 
B)  enantiomers 
C)  cis-trans isomers 
D)  structural isomers

Question 8

Use the figures to answer the question.
 
Which of the functional groups shown is present in ethanol but not in ethane?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 9

Use the figures to answer the question.

Which of the groups is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 10

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
B)  The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
C)  They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. 
D)  They are less dense than water. 
A)  The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
B)  The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
C)  They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. 
D)  They are less dense than water.

Question 11

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
The two molecules shown in the figures are best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  enantiomers 
B)  structural isomers 
C)  cis-trans isomers 
D)  chain length isomers 
A)  enantiomers 
B)  structural isomers 
C)  cis-trans isomers 
D)  chain length isomers

Question 12

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s)with other atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  covalent 
D)  ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds 
A)  ionic 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  covalent 
D)  ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP contains more energy than ATP. 
B)  Following hydrolysis, ATP can give off one phosphate, whereas ADP cannot. 
C)  ADP can have two positive charges. 
D)  ATP can have four negative charges. 
A)  ADP contains more energy than ATP. 
B)  Following hydrolysis, ATP can give off one phosphate, whereas ADP cannot. 
C)  ADP can have two positive charges. 
D)  ATP can have four negative charges.

Question 14

Use the figures to answer the question.

Which molecule(s)shown is (are)ionized in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B and D 
C)  C and D 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B and D 
C)  C and D 
D)  D

Question 15

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 16

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B)  the study of carbon compounds. 
C)  the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds. 
D)  the study of hydrocarbons. 
A)  the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B)  the study of carbon compounds. 
C)  the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds. 
D)  the study of hydrocarbons.

Question 17

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can be synthesized only by living organisms 
B)  a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms, and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods 
C)  living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products 
D)  living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena 
A)  simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can be synthesized only by living organisms 
B)  a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms, and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods 
C)  living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products 
D)  living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena

Question 18

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule shown is a thiol?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 19

Use the figures to answer the question.
 
Which of the functional groups shown helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 20

Miller's classic experiment demonstrated that a discharge of sparks through a mixture of gases could result in the formation of a large variety of organic compounds. Miller did not use ________ as one of the gases in his experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  methane 
B)  oxygen 
C)  water 
D)  ammonia 
A)  methane 
B)  oxygen 
C)  water 
D)  ammonia

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Therefore, this compound ________.

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.

Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP?

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valency is 4. This is because the carbon atom ________.

Use the following figure to answer the question. The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are ________.

Use the figures to answer the question. Which of the functional groups shown is present in ethanol but not in ethane?

Use the figures to answer the question. Which of the groups is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Use the following figure to answer the question. The two molecules shown in the figures are best described as ________.

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s)with other atoms?

Which of the following statements is true?

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule(s)shown is (are)ionized in a cell?

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that ________.

Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule shown is a thiol?

Use the figures to answer the question. Which of the functional groups shown helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

Miller's classic experiment demonstrated that a discharge of sparks through a mixture of gases could result in the formation of a large variety of organic compounds. Miller did not use ________ as one of the gases in his experiment.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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