Question 1

Use the survivorship curves in the figure to answer the following question.
 
Which curve best describes survivorship in elephants?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E A

Question 2

Use the figure to answer the following question.
Life Table for Zootoca vivipara in the Netherlands
$\begin{array}{c}
\begin{array}{|l|}
\hline\
\
\
\text {Year}\
\hline0\
\hline1\
\hline2\
\hline3\
\hline4\
\hline5\
\hline6\
\hline7\
\hline
\end{array}
\begin{array}{l|}
\hline\
\
\
\text {Number alive}\
\hline1000\
\hline763\
\hline308\
\hline158\
\hline75\
\hline10\
\hline7\
\hline2\
\hline
\end{array}
\begin{array}{l|}
\hline\
\
\
\text {Survivorship}\
\hline 1.000 \
\hline 0.763 \
\hline 0.308 \
\hline 0.158 \
\hline 0.057 \
\hline 0.010 \
\hline 0.007 \
\hline 0.002 \
\hline
\end{array}
\begin{array}{l|}
\hline \
\
\
\text { Fecundity }\
\hline 0.00\
\hline1.70\
\hline 2.94\
\hline 4.13\
\hline4.88\
\hline6.50\
\hline6.40\
\hline6.30\
\hline
\end{array}
\begin{array}{l|}
\hline\text {Survivorship × Fecundity  = }\
\text {Average Number of }\
\text {Offspring Produced per}\ 
\text {Female of Age $ x $}\
\hline0.00\
\hline1.30\
\hline0.91\
\hline0.65\
\hline0.28\
\hline0.07\
\hline0.04\
\hline0.01\
\hline 
\end{array}
\end{array}$
Data are from Strijbosch and Creemers, 1988.
Using the table, how would you describe the population dynamics of the Eurasian lizard, Z. vivipara?

Accepted Answer

A)  The population is increasing. 
B)  The population is decreasing. 
C)  The population is stable. 
D)  The table does not provide this information. 
A)  The population is increasing. 
B)  The population is decreasing. 
C)  The population is stable. 
D)  The table does not provide this information. A

Question 3

Use the figure to answer the following question.
 
Infant mortality and life expectancy at birth in developed and developing countries (data as of 2005).
What is a logical conclusion that can be drawn from the graphs? Developed countries have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lower infant mortality rates and lower life expectancy than developing countries 
B)  higher infant mortality rates and lower life expectancy than developing countries 
C)  lower infant mortality rates and higher life expectancy than developing countries 
D)  higher infant mortality rates and higher life expectancy than developing countries 
A)  lower infant mortality rates and lower life expectancy than developing countries 
B)  higher infant mortality rates and lower life expectancy than developing countries 
C)  lower infant mortality rates and higher life expectancy than developing countries 
D)  higher infant mortality rates and higher life expectancy than developing countries C

Question 4

Based on current growth rates, Earth's human population in 2019 will be closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  2.5 million. 
B)  4.5 billion. 
C)  7.5 billion. 
D)  10.5 billion. 
A)  2.5 million. 
B)  4.5 billion. 
C)  7.5 billion. 
D)  10.5 billion.

Question 5

An ecologist recorded 12 white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, per square kilometer (km²)in one woodlot and 20 km² in another woodlot. What was the ecologist comparing?

Accepted Answer

A)  density 
B)  dispersion 
C)  carrying capacity 
D)  range 
A)  density 
B)  dispersion 
C)  carrying capacity 
D)  range

Question 6

Starting from a single individual, what is the size of a population of bacteria at the end of a 2-hour time period if they reproduce by binary fission every 20 minutes? (Assume unlimited resources and no mortality.)

Accepted Answer

A)  16 
B)  32 
C)  64 
D)  128 
A)  16 
B)  32 
C)  64 
D)  128

Question 7

During exponential growth, a population always ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  grows at its maximum per capita rate 
B)  quickly reaches its carrying capacity 
C)  adds more new individuals when the population is small than when it is large 
D)  loses some individuals to emigration 
A)  grows at its maximum per capita rate 
B)  quickly reaches its carrying capacity 
C)  adds more new individuals when the population is small than when it is large 
D)  loses some individuals to emigration

Question 8

The observation that members of a population are uniformly distributed suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  resources are distributed unevenly. 
B)  the members of the population are competing for access to a resource. 
C)  the members of the population are neither attracted to nor repelled by one another. 
D)  the density of the population is low. 
A)  resources are distributed unevenly. 
B)  the members of the population are competing for access to a resource. 
C)  the members of the population are neither attracted to nor repelled by one another. 
D)  the density of the population is low.

Question 9

Which of the following graphs illustrates the population growth curve starting with a single bacterium growing in a flask of ideal medium at optimum temperature over a two-hour period? Assume resources do not become limiting over this time frame.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 10

Natural selection involves energetic trade-offs between ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  choosing how many offspring to produce over the course of a lifetime and how long to live 
B)  producing large numbers of gametes when employing internal fertilization versus fewer numbers of gametes when employing external fertilization 
C)  increasing the number of individuals produced during each reproductive episode and a corresponding decrease in parental care 
D)  high survival rates of offspring and the cost of parental care 
A)  choosing how many offspring to produce over the course of a lifetime and how long to live 
B)  producing large numbers of gametes when employing internal fertilization versus fewer numbers of gametes when employing external fertilization 
C)  increasing the number of individuals produced during each reproductive episode and a corresponding decrease in parental care 
D)  high survival rates of offspring and the cost of parental care

Question 11

Use the graph to answer the following question.
 
Looking at the figure, what factor is contributing significantly to stabilizing the population size over time?
I.no migration
II.low migration
III.high migration

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  only II and III 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  only II and III

Question 12

Use the graphs to answer the following question.
(a)

(b)

Graph (b)in the figure shows the normal fluctuations of a population of grouse, a ground-nesting bird. Assuming graph (a)in the figure is the result of some experimental treatment in the grouse population, what can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A)  The experimental treatment intensified the population cycling. 
B)  The experimental treatment did not affect population cycling in this species. 
C)  The experimental treatment has most likely identified the cause of population cycling. 
D)  The experimental treatment involved the introduction of a predator of the bird. 
A)  The experimental treatment intensified the population cycling. 
B)  The experimental treatment did not affect population cycling in this species. 
C)  The experimental treatment has most likely identified the cause of population cycling. 
D)  The experimental treatment involved the introduction of a predator of the bird.

Question 13

Which of the following groups would be most likely to exhibit uniform dispersion?

Accepted Answer

A)  red squirrels, who actively defend territories 
B)  cattails, which grow primarily at edges of lakes and streams 
C)  dwarf mistletoes, which parasitize particular species of forest tree 
D)  lake trout, which seek out cold, deep water high in dissolved oxygen 
A)  red squirrels, who actively defend territories 
B)  cattails, which grow primarily at edges of lakes and streams 
C)  dwarf mistletoes, which parasitize particular species of forest tree 
D)  lake trout, which seek out cold, deep water high in dissolved oxygen

Question 14

Which of the following causes populations to shift most quickly from an exponential to a logistic population growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  favorable climatic conditions 
B)  removal of predators 
C)  decreased death rate 
D)  competition for resources 
A)  favorable climatic conditions 
B)  removal of predators 
C)  decreased death rate 
D)  competition for resources

Question 15

A population of white-footed mice becomes severely overpopulated in a habitat that has been disturbed by human activity. Sometimes intrinsic factors cause the population to increase in mortality and cause lower reproduction rates to occur in reaction to the stress of overpopulation. Which of the following is an example of intrinsic population control?

Accepted Answer

A)  Owl populations frequent the area more often because of increased hunting success. 
B)  Females undergo hormonal changes that delay sexual maturation, and many individuals suffer depressed immune systems and die due to the stress of overpopulation. 
C)  Clumped dispersion of the population leads to increased spread of disease and parasites, resulting in a population crash. 
D)  All of the resources (food and shelter) are used up by overpopulation, and much of the population dies of exposure and/or starvation. 
A)  Owl populations frequent the area more often because of increased hunting success. 
B)  Females undergo hormonal changes that delay sexual maturation, and many individuals suffer depressed immune systems and die due to the stress of overpopulation. 
C)  Clumped dispersion of the population leads to increased spread of disease and parasites, resulting in a population crash. 
D)  All of the resources (food and shelter) are used up by overpopulation, and much of the population dies of exposure and/or starvation.

Question 16

Scientific study of the population cycles of the snowshoe hare and its predator, the lynx, has revealed that

Accepted Answer

A)  predation is the dominant factor affecting prey population cycling. 
B)  hares and lynx are so mutually dependent that each species cannot survive without the other. 
C)  both hare and lynx population sizes are affected mainly by abiotic factors. 
D)  the hare population is r-selected and the lynx population is K-selected. 
A)  predation is the dominant factor affecting prey population cycling. 
B)  hares and lynx are so mutually dependent that each species cannot survive without the other. 
C)  both hare and lynx population sizes are affected mainly by abiotic factors. 
D)  the hare population is r-selected and the lynx population is K-selected.

Question 17

Use the survivorship curves in the figure to answer the following question.
 
Which curve best describes survivorship in marine mollusks?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding the future of populations in developing, less industrialized countries are correct?
I.The reproductive rates are predicted to remain below replacement level.
II.Survivorship will increase.
III.Overall population size will increase dramatically.
IV.The fertility rate is predicted to remain high, especially in some regions.

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  only II, III, and IV 
D)  only I, II, and III 
A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  only II, III, and IV 
D)  only I, II, and III

Question 19

Use the graph to answer the following question.
 
Looking at the data in the figure, what can be said about survival and clutch size?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals with low survival tend to have smaller clutch sizes. 
B)  Large clutch size correlates with low survival. 
C)  Animals with high survival tend to have medium-sized clutches. 
D)  Probability of survivorship does not correlate with clutch size. 
A)  Animals with low survival tend to have smaller clutch sizes. 
B)  Large clutch size correlates with low survival. 
C)  Animals with high survival tend to have medium-sized clutches. 
D)  Probability of survivorship does not correlate with clutch size.

Question 20

Use the figure to answer the following question.
 
Looking at the data in the figure from the hare/lynx experiment, what conclusion(s)can you draw?
I.Food is a factor in controlling hare population size.
II.Excluding lynx is a factor in controlling hare population size.
III.The effect of excluding predators and adding food in the same experiment is greater than the sum of excluding lynx alone plus adding food alone.

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I, II, and III

Exam 53: Population Ecology

Use the survivorship curves in the figure to answer the following question. Which curve best describes survivorship in elephants?

Use the figure to answer the following question. Infant mortality and life expectancy at birth in developed and developing countries (data as of 2005). What is a logical conclusion that can be drawn from the graphs? Developed countries have ________.

Based on current growth rates, Earth's human population in 2019 will be closest to

An ecologist recorded 12 white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, per square kilometer (km²)in one woodlot and 20 km² in another woodlot. What was the ecologist comparing?

Starting from a single individual, what is the size of a population of bacteria at the end of a 2-hour time period if they reproduce by binary fission every 20 minutes? (Assume unlimited resources and no mortality.)

During exponential growth, a population always ________.

The observation that members of a population are uniformly distributed suggests that

Which of the following graphs illustrates the population growth curve starting with a single bacterium growing in a flask of ideal medium at optimum temperature over a two-hour period? Assume resources do not become limiting over this time frame.

Natural selection involves energetic trade-offs between ________.

Use the graph to answer the following question. Looking at the figure, what factor is contributing significantly to stabilizing the population size over time? I.no migration II.low migration III.high migration

Use the graphs to answer the following question. (a) (b) Graph (b)in the figure shows the normal fluctuations of a population of grouse, a ground-nesting bird. Assuming graph (a)in the figure is the result of some experimental treatment in the grouse population, what can be concluded?

Which of the following groups would be most likely to exhibit uniform dispersion?

Which of the following causes populations to shift most quickly from an exponential to a logistic population growth?

Scientific study of the population cycles of the snowshoe hare and its predator, the lynx, has revealed that

Use the survivorship curves in the figure to answer the following question. Which curve best describes survivorship in marine mollusks?

Use the graph to answer the following question. Looking at the data in the figure, what can be said about survival and clutch size?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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