Question 1

In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs during ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis only 
B)  respiration only 
C)  photosynthesis and respiration 
D)  photosynthesis, respiration, and fermentation 
A)  photosynthesis only 
B)  respiration only 
C)  photosynthesis and respiration 
D)  photosynthesis, respiration, and fermentation C

Question 2

Which of the following processes is directly associated with photosystem I?

Accepted Answer

A)  receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain 
B)  generation of molecular oxygen 
C)  extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water 
D)  passing electrons to NADP⁺ 
A)  receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain 
B)  generation of molecular oxygen 
C)  extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water 
D)  passing electrons to NADP⁺ A

Question 3

In autotrophic bacteria, where is chlorophyll located?

Accepted Answer

A)  in chloroplast membranes 
B)  in the cell wall 
C)  in the nucleoid 
D)  in infolded regions of the plasma membrane 
A)  in chloroplast membranes 
B)  in the cell wall 
C)  in the nucleoid 
D)  in infolded regions of the plasma membrane D

Question 4

A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. Suppose a plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment and the leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by this pigment?

Accepted Answer

A)  red and yellow 
B)  blue and violet 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  green and red 
A)  red and yellow 
B)  blue and violet 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  green and red

Question 5

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. Which of the following statements describes a relationship that Engelmann's experiment helped to determine?

Accepted Answer

A)  the relationship between wavelength of light and the rate of aerobic respiration 
B)  the relationship between wavelength of light and the amount of heat released 
C)  the relationship between wavelength of light and the rate of photosynthesis 
D)  the relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and the rate of photosynthesis 
A)  the relationship between wavelength of light and the rate of aerobic respiration 
B)  the relationship between wavelength of light and the amount of heat released 
C)  the relationship between wavelength of light and the rate of photosynthesis 
D)  the relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and the rate of photosynthesis

Question 6

Where in a plant cell does the Calvin cycle take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  stroma of the chloroplast 
B)  thylakoid membrane 
C)  interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space) 
D)  outer membrane of the chloroplast 
A)  stroma of the chloroplast 
B)  thylakoid membrane 
C)  interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space) 
D)  outer membrane of the chloroplast

Question 7

Which of the following events are associated with chemiosmosis in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pH of the stroma increases and ATP is synthesized. 
B)  The pH of the thylakoid space increases and ATP is synthesized. 
C)  The pH of the cytoplasm outside the chloroplast decreases and ATP is synthesized. 
D)  The pH of the stroma decreases and ATP is hydrolyzed. 
A)  The pH of the stroma increases and ATP is synthesized. 
B)  The pH of the thylakoid space increases and ATP is synthesized. 
C)  The pH of the cytoplasm outside the chloroplast decreases and ATP is synthesized. 
D)  The pH of the stroma decreases and ATP is hydrolyzed.

Question 8

Which of the following statements summarizes the metabolic results of photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  It produces ATP and consumes oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
B)  It produces carbon dioxide and consumes ATP and oxygen. 
C)  It produces oxygen and consumes ATP and carbon dioxide. 
D)  It produces oxygen and ATP and consumes carbon dioxide. 
A)  It produces ATP and consumes oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
B)  It produces carbon dioxide and consumes ATP and oxygen. 
C)  It produces oxygen and consumes ATP and carbon dioxide. 
D)  It produces oxygen and ATP and consumes carbon dioxide.

Question 9

The oxygen released by photosynthesis is produced by which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  splitting water molecules 
B)  chemiosmosis 
C)  the electron transfer system of photosystem I 
D)  the electron transfer system of photosystem II 
A)  splitting water molecules 
B)  chemiosmosis 
C)  the electron transfer system of photosystem I 
D)  the electron transfer system of photosystem II

Question 10

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
Halobacterium has a photosynthetic membrane that appears purple. Its photosynthetic action spectrum is the inverse of the action spectrum for green plants (see figure). That is, the Halobacterium action spectrum has a peak where the green plant action spectrum has a trough. What wavelengths of light do the Halobacterium photosynthetic pigments absorb?

Accepted Answer

A)  red and yellow 
B)  violet and blue 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  blue and red 
A)  red and yellow 
B)  violet and blue 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  blue and red

Question 11

To identify the molecule that accepts CO₂, Calvin and Benson manipulated the carbon-fixation cycle by either cutting off CO₂ or cutting off light from cultures of photosynthetic algae. They then measured the concentrations of various metabolites immediately following the manipulation. How would these experiments help identify the CO₂ acceptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would decrease when either the CO₂ or light are cut off. 
B)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would increase when either the CO₂ or light are cut off. 
C)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would decrease when the CO₂ is cut off, but increase when the light is cut off. 
D)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would increase when the CO₂ is cut off, but decrease when the light is cut off. 
A)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would decrease when either the CO₂ or light are cut off. 
B)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would increase when either the CO₂ or light are cut off. 
C)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would decrease when the CO₂ is cut off, but increase when the light is cut off. 
D)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would increase when the CO₂ is cut off, but decrease when the light is cut off.

Question 12

Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  They serve as accessory pigments to increase light absorption. 
B)  They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy. 
C)  They shield the sensitive chromosomes of the plant from harmful ultraviolet radiation. 
D)  They reflect orange light and enhance red light absorption by chlorophyll. 
A)  They serve as accessory pigments to increase light absorption. 
B)  They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy. 
C)  They shield the sensitive chromosomes of the plant from harmful ultraviolet radiation. 
D)  They reflect orange light and enhance red light absorption by chlorophyll.

Question 13

A gardener is concerned that her greenhouse is getting too hot from too much light and seeks to shade her plants with colored translucent plastic sheets, the color of which allows passage of only that wavelength. What color should she use to reduce overall light energy but still maximize plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  green 
B)  blue 
C)  orange 
D)  Any color will work equally well. 
A)  green 
B)  blue 
C)  orange 
D)  Any color will work equally well.

Question 14

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADPH → O₂→ CO₂ 
B)  H₂O → NADPH → Calvin cycle 
C)  H₂O → photosystem I → photosystem II 
D)  NADP → Helectron transport chain → O₂ 
A)  NADPH → O₂→ CO₂ 
B)  H₂O → NADPH → Calvin cycle 
C)  H₂O → photosystem I → photosystem II 
D)  NADP → Helectron transport chain → O₂

Question 15

In autumn, chlorophyll is degraded in the leaves of deciduous trees. Why do the leaves change color to shades of yellow, orange, or red?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sugars from sap fill the leaves prior to winter. 
B)  Degraded chlorophyll changes into many other colors. 
C)  In the absence of photosynthesis, the leaves produce energy exclusively by aerobic cellular respiration. 
D)  Other pigments such as carotenoids are still present in the leaves. 
A)  Sugars from sap fill the leaves prior to winter. 
B)  Degraded chlorophyll changes into many other colors. 
C)  In the absence of photosynthesis, the leaves produce energy exclusively by aerobic cellular respiration. 
D)  Other pigments such as carotenoids are still present in the leaves.

Question 16

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO₂ containing heavy oxygen (¹⁸O), which of the following molecules produced by the algae (refer to the accompanying figure)will fail to contain ¹⁸O in later biochemical analyses?

Accepted Answer

A)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) 
B)  3-phosphoglycerate 
C)  ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 
D)  ADP 
A)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) 
B)  3-phosphoglycerate 
C)  ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 
D)  ADP

Question 17

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

Accepted Answer

A)  light energy. 
B)  CO₂ and ATP. 
C)  H₂O and NADPH. 
D)  ATP and NADPH. 
A)  light energy. 
B)  CO₂ and ATP. 
C)  H₂O and NADPH. 
D)  ATP and NADPH.

Question 18

Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. Which of the following approaches would be the best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Determine whether they have thylakoid membranes. 
B)  Determine whether they consume CO₂ in the dark. 
C)  Determine whether they produce O₂ in the light. 
D)  Determine the action spectrum for photosynthesis in these organisms. 
A)  Determine whether they have thylakoid membranes. 
B)  Determine whether they consume CO₂ in the dark. 
C)  Determine whether they produce O₂ in the light. 
D)  Determine the action spectrum for photosynthesis in these organisms.

Question 19

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellular respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse. 
B)  Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules; cellular respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules. 
C)  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants; cellular respiration occurs only in animals. 
D)  Photosynthesis is catabolic; cellular respiration is anabolic. 
A)  Cellular respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse. 
B)  Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules; cellular respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules. 
C)  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants; cellular respiration occurs only in animals. 
D)  Photosynthesis is catabolic; cellular respiration is anabolic.

Question 20

What is the function of the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex in the thylakoid membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They split water and release oxygen from the reaction-center chlorophyll. 
B)  They absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll. 
C)  They synthesize ATP from ADP and   ᵢ. 
D)  They transfer electrons to NADP⁺. 
A)  They split water and release oxygen from the reaction-center chlorophyll. 
B)  They absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll. 
C)  They synthesize ATP from ADP and   ᵢ. 
D)  They transfer electrons to NADP⁺.

Exam 10: Photosynthesis

In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs during ________.

Which of the following processes is directly associated with photosystem I?

In autotrophic bacteria, where is chlorophyll located?

Where in a plant cell does the Calvin cycle take place?

Which of the following events are associated with chemiosmosis in chloroplasts?

Which of the following statements summarizes the metabolic results of photorespiration?

The oxygen released by photosynthesis is produced by which of the following processes?

Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants?

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

In autumn, chlorophyll is degraded in the leaves of deciduous trees. Why do the leaves change color to shades of yellow, orange, or red?

Use the following figure to answer the question. If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO₂ containing heavy oxygen (¹⁸O), which of the following molecules produced by the algae (refer to the accompanying figure)will fail to contain ¹⁸O in later biochemical analyses?

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. Which of the following approaches would be the best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

What is the function of the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex in the thylakoid membranes?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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