Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal "inside out." The little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. After the disruption, which components involved in oxidative phosphorylation must be present for electron transfer and ATP synthesis to still occur?

Which of the following statements best describes the primary role played by oxygen in cellular respiration?

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?

Which of the following metabolic processes take place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

If a cell is able to synthesize 30 ATP molecules for each molecule of glucose completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, approximately how many ATP molecules can the cell synthesize for each molecule of pyruvate oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?

High levels of citric acid inhibit the enzyme phosphofructokinase, a key enzyme in glycolysis. Citric acid binds to the enzyme at a different location from the active site. This is an example of ________.

During aerobic respiration, which of the following molecules directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level?

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of which of the following processes?

In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate, ________.

Beta oxidation generates substrates for cellular respiration through which of the following processes?

In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate (1)loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO₂, (2)is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and (3)is bonded to coenzyme A. Which of the following sets of products result from these reactions?

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)in aerobic cellular respiration?

A young dog has never had much energy. He is brought to a veterinarian for help, and she decides to conduct several diagnostic tests. She discovers that the dog's mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of the dog's condition?

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?

What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H⁻ Lactate + NAD⁻

What happens to a glucose molecule when it loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction?

A person on a strict diet and exercise regimen lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds)of body fat in just two weeks. What is the most likely way that the lost fat left the body?

Which one of the following is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO₂)from a molecule of pyruvate?