Question 1

Which of the following processes facilitates the fastest way for organisms to adapt to a changing environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation 
B)  asexual reproduction 
C)  sexual reproduction 
D)  mitosis 
A)  mutation 
B)  asexual reproduction 
C)  sexual reproduction 
D)  mitosis C

Question 2

Crossing over of chromosomes normally takes place during which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis II 
B)  meiosis I 
C)  mitosis 
D)  mitosis and meiosis II 
A)  meiosis II 
B)  meiosis I 
C)  mitosis 
D)  mitosis and meiosis II B

Question 3

Imagine that there are 25 different species of protists living in a tide pool. Some of these species reproduce both sexually and asexually, and some of them can reproduce only asexually. The pool gradually becomes infested with disease-causing viruses and bacteria. Which species are more likely to thrive in the changing environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sexually reproducing species is likely to thrive. 
B)  The asexually reproducing species is likely to thrive. 
C)  Sexually and asexually reproducing species are equally likely to thrive. 
D)  Neither species will be able to thrive. 
A)  The sexually reproducing species is likely to thrive. 
B)  The asexually reproducing species is likely to thrive. 
C)  Sexually and asexually reproducing species are equally likely to thrive. 
D)  Neither species will be able to thrive. A

Question 4

Which of the following statements describes an example of alternation of generations?

Accepted Answer

A)  A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blond hair. 
B)  A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces a spore by meiosis that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). 
C)  A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. 
D)  A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis. 
A)  A grandparent and grandchild each have dark hair, but the parent has blond hair. 
B)  A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces a spore by meiosis that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). 
C)  A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. 
D)  A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis.

Question 5

How does natural selection apply to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to differential reproduction. 
B)  Sexual reproduction results in the greatest number of new mutations. 
C)  Sexual reproduction allows the greatest number of offspring to be produced. 
D)  Sexual reproduction utilizes far less energy than asexual reproduction. 
A)  Sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to differential reproduction. 
B)  Sexual reproduction results in the greatest number of new mutations. 
C)  Sexual reproduction allows the greatest number of offspring to be produced. 
D)  Sexual reproduction utilizes far less energy than asexual reproduction.

Question 6

Many organisms spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state. If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for these types of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  by DNA replication 
B)  through the transcription of DNA to RNA 
C)  by synapsis of the homologous pairs of chromosomes during prophase of meiosis I 
D)  by fertilization 
A)  by DNA replication 
B)  through the transcription of DNA to RNA 
C)  by synapsis of the homologous pairs of chromosomes during prophase of meiosis I 
D)  by fertilization

Question 7

During which of the following processes do homologous pairs of chromosomes align adjacent to one another at the metaphase plate of a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  metaphase of mitosis 
B)  metaphase I of meiosis 
C)  telophase II of meiosis 
D)  metaphase II of meiosis 
A)  metaphase of mitosis 
B)  metaphase I of meiosis 
C)  telophase II of meiosis 
D)  metaphase II of meiosis

Question 8

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions.
  
-Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae?

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and III 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and III

Question 9

Quaking aspen trees can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground stems?

Accepted Answer

A)  9 
B)  10 
C)  19 
D)  38 
A)  9 
B)  10 
C)  19 
D)  38

Question 10

Refer to the drawings in the figure below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following question(s).
  
-Which diagram represents anaphase II of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  III 
C)  IV 
D)  V 
A)  I 
B)  III 
C)  IV 
D)  V

Question 11

Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per cell. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a roundworm?

Accepted Answer

A)  four 
B)  two 
C)  eight 
D)  a diploid number 
A)  four 
B)  two 
C)  eight 
D)  a diploid number

Question 12

During which of the following phases of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaphase II 
B)  prophase I 
C)  mitosis 
D)  anaphase I 
A)  anaphase II 
B)  prophase I 
C)  mitosis 
D)  anaphase I

Question 13

Which of the following statements describes one characteristic of each chromosome in a cell during the entire process of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each chromosome is paired with a homologous chromosome. 
B)  Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere. 
C)  Each chromosome consists of a single strand of DNA. 
D)  Each chromosome is joined with its homologous pair to form a synaptonemal complex. 
A)  Each chromosome is paired with a homologous chromosome. 
B)  Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere. 
C)  Each chromosome consists of a single strand of DNA. 
D)  Each chromosome is joined with its homologous pair to form a synaptonemal complex.

Question 14

Which of the following statements describes the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell after telophase of meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells are diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
B)  The cells are diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
C)  The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
D)  The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
A)  The cells are diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
B)  The cells are diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
C)  The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
D)  The cells are haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.

Question 15

Which of the following statements correctly describes a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a display of all of the cell types in an organism. 
B)  It is an organized image of a cell's chromosomes. 
C)  It reveals the appearance of an organism. 
D)  It is a display of a cell's mitotic stages. 
A)  It is a display of all of the cell types in an organism. 
B)  It is an organized image of a cell's chromosomes. 
C)  It reveals the appearance of an organism. 
D)  It is a display of a cell's mitotic stages.

Question 16

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. 
B)  Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. 
C)  Clone the plant. 
D)  Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one. 
A)  Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. 
B)  Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. 
C)  Clone the plant. 
D)  Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one.

Question 17

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions.
  
-In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of the figure above, if the zygote's chromosome number is ten, which of the following statements will be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is ten and the gametophyte's is five. 
B)  The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is five and the gametophyte's is ten. 
C)  The sporophyte and gametophyte each have ten chromosomes per cell. 
D)  The sporophyte and gametophyte each have five chromosomes per cell. 
A)  The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is ten and the gametophyte's is five. 
B)  The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is five and the gametophyte's is ten. 
C)  The sporophyte and gametophyte each have ten chromosomes per cell. 
D)  The sporophyte and gametophyte each have five chromosomes per cell.

Question 18

Which of the following processes occur during meiosis but not mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Haploid cells fuse to form diploid cells. 
B)  Haploid cells multiply into more haploid cells. 
C)  Diploid cells form haploid cells. 
D)  A diploid cell combines with a haploid cell. 
A)  Haploid cells fuse to form diploid cells. 
B)  Haploid cells multiply into more haploid cells. 
C)  Diploid cells form haploid cells. 
D)  A diploid cell combines with a haploid cell.

Question 19

Which of the following processes occurs when homologous chromosomes cross over in meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two sister chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA. 
B)  Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. 
C)  Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged. 
D)  Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa. 
A)  Two sister chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA. 
B)  Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. 
C)  Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged. 
D)  Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa.

Question 20

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  prophase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  anaphase 
D)  interphase 
A)  prophase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  anaphase 
D)  interphase

Exam 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Which of the following processes facilitates the fastest way for organisms to adapt to a changing environment?

Crossing over of chromosomes normally takes place during which of the following processes?

Which of the following statements describes an example of alternation of generations?

How does natural selection apply to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?

Many organisms spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state. If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for these types of organisms?

During which of the following processes do homologous pairs of chromosomes align adjacent to one another at the metaphase plate of a cell?

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions. -Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae?

Quaking aspen trees can send out underground stems for asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is not as common, but when it does happen, the haploid gametes have 19 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the cells of the underground stems?

Refer to the drawings in the figure below of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following question(s). -Which diagram represents anaphase II of meiosis?

Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per cell. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a roundworm?

During which of the following phases of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Which of the following statements describes one characteristic of each chromosome in a cell during the entire process of meiosis I?

Which of the following statements describes the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell after telophase of meiosis I?

Which of the following statements correctly describes a karyotype?

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure below to answer the following questions. -In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of the figure above, if the zygote's chromosome number is ten, which of the following statements will be true?

Which of the following processes occur during meiosis but not mitosis?

Which of the following processes occurs when homologous chromosomes cross over in meiosis I?

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

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Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

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