Question 1

Which structures are characterized by its smallest branches ending with a large flame cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatic tubules 
B)  nephrons 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  protonephridia 
A)  hepatic tubules 
B)  nephrons 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  protonephridia D

Question 2

What is typical osmolarity of body fluids in most freshwater invertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  about 225 mOsm/L 
B)  about 300 mOsm/L 
C)  about 1000 mOsm/L 
D)  about 1500 mOsm/L 
A)  about 225 mOsm/L 
B)  about 300 mOsm/L 
C)  about 1000 mOsm/L 
D)  about 1500 mOsm/L A

Question 3

What is the osmolarity of fresh water?

Accepted Answer

A)  about 5 mOsm/L 
B)  about 225 mOsm/L 
C)  about 300 mOsm/L 
D)  about 1500 mOsm/L 
A)  about 5 mOsm/L 
B)  about 225 mOsm/L 
C)  about 300 mOsm/L 
D)  about 1500 mOsm/L A

Question 4

In which part of the mammalian urinary system does filtrate undergo a dramatic decrease in osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the descending segment of the loop of Henle 
B)  the distal convoluted tubule 
C)  the ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  the descending segment of the loop of Henle 
B)  the distal convoluted tubule 
C)  the ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 5

What is the typical osmolarity of most body fluids in humans and other mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  about 225 mOsm/L 
B)  about 300 mOsm/L 
C)  about 1000 mOsm/L 
D)  about 1500 mOsm/L 
A)  about 225 mOsm/L 
B)  about 300 mOsm/L 
C)  about 1000 mOsm/L 
D)  about 1500 mOsm/L

Question 6

At what location do the molecules and ions that are reabsorbed from the nephron re-enter the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  at the renal artery 
B)  at the afferent arteriole 
C)  at the efferent arteriole 
D)  at the peritubular capillaries 
A)  at the renal artery 
B)  at the afferent arteriole 
C)  at the efferent arteriole 
D)  at the peritubular capillaries

Question 7

Which term refers to the nonselective movement of water and a number of solutes into the excretory system tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration 
B)  release 
C)  secretion 
D)  reabsorption 
A)  filtration 
B)  release 
C)  secretion 
D)  reabsorption

Question 8

Which of the following is/are used for osmoregulation and excretion in all but the simplest animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  modifications of the respiratory and digestive systems 
B)  the lining of the digestive tract 
C)  the transport epithelium 
D)  specialized blood vessels 
A)  modifications of the respiratory and digestive systems 
B)  the lining of the digestive tract 
C)  the transport epithelium 
D)  specialized blood vessels

Question 9

In a typical adult human about 180 L of fluid leaves the blood as filtrate each day. How much is reabsorbed?

Accepted Answer

A)  about 50% 
B)  about 65% 
C)  about 90% 
D)  more than 99% 
A)  about 50% 
B)  about 65% 
C)  about 90% 
D)  more than 99%

Question 10

Where are Malpighian tubules found?

Accepted Answer

A)  in mammals 
B)  in annelids 
C)  in flatworms 
D)  in insects 
A)  in mammals 
B)  in annelids 
C)  in flatworms 
D)  in insects

Question 11

Which of the following organisms is an ectotherm?

Accepted Answer

A)  an owl 
B)  an elephant 
C)  a lizard 
D)  a bat 
A)  an owl 
B)  an elephant 
C)  a lizard 
D)  a bat

Question 12

Which structure generally traps water because it does NOT have aquaporins?

Accepted Answer

A)  the proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  the ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
C)  the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  the Bowman's capsule 
A)  the proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  the ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
C)  the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  the Bowman's capsule

Question 13

Which of these animals have nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  mammals 
B)  insects 
C)  flatworms 
D)  annelids 
A)  mammals 
B)  insects 
C)  flatworms 
D)  annelids

Question 14

What is the typical osmolarity of seawater?

Accepted Answer

A)  about 5 mOsm/L 
B)  about 225 mOsm/L 
C)  about 1000 mOsm/L 
D)  about 1500 mOsm/L 
A)  about 5 mOsm/L 
B)  about 225 mOsm/L 
C)  about 1000 mOsm/L 
D)  about 1500 mOsm/L

Question 15

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once.
-surrounds the glomerulus

Accepted Answer

A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule 
A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule

Question 16

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once.
-Na+ and Cl- actively transported out here, but water and urea are not moved across the membrane

Accepted Answer

A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule 
A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule

Question 17

What is the human temperature set point, typically?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stays around 37.0°C. 
B)  It ranges from about 37.5°C in the morning to about 37.7°C in the evening. 
C)  It ranges from about 37.7°C in the morning to about 37.5°C in the evening. 
D)  It ranges from about 37.3°C in the morning to about 34.7°C in the evening. 
A)  It stays around 37.0°C. 
B)  It ranges from about 37.5°C in the morning to about 37.7°C in the evening. 
C)  It ranges from about 37.7°C in the morning to about 37.5°C in the evening. 
D)  It ranges from about 37.3°C in the morning to about 34.7°C in the evening.

Question 18

How is osmolarity measured?

Accepted Answer

A)  total solute plus solvent concentration in a solution 
B)  total solute concentration in a solution 
C)  ratio of solvent to solute in a solution 
D)  total solvent concentration in a solution 
A)  total solute plus solvent concentration in a solution 
B)  total solute concentration in a solution 
C)  ratio of solvent to solute in a solution 
D)  total solvent concentration in a solution

Question 19

Which of the following organisms is an endotherm?

Accepted Answer

A)  a turtle 
B)  a salamander 
C)  a mouse 
D)  a frog 
A)  a turtle 
B)  a salamander 
C)  a mouse 
D)  a frog

Question 20

Which segment of the mammalian nephron receives the filtrate first?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B)  the distal convoluted tubule 
C)  the descending segment of the loop of Henle 
D)  the Bowman's capsule 
A)  the ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B)  the distal convoluted tubule 
C)  the descending segment of the loop of Henle 
D)  the Bowman's capsule

Exam 42: Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Which structures are characterized by its smallest branches ending with a large flame cell?

What is typical osmolarity of body fluids in most freshwater invertebrates?

What is the osmolarity of fresh water?

In which part of the mammalian urinary system does filtrate undergo a dramatic decrease in osmolarity?

What is the typical osmolarity of most body fluids in humans and other mammals?

At what location do the molecules and ions that are reabsorbed from the nephron re-enter the blood?

Which term refers to the nonselective movement of water and a number of solutes into the excretory system tubules?

Which of the following is/are used for osmoregulation and excretion in all but the simplest animals?

In a typical adult human about 180 L of fluid leaves the blood as filtrate each day. How much is reabsorbed?

Where are Malpighian tubules found?

Which of the following organisms is an ectotherm?

Which structure generally traps water because it does NOT have aquaporins?

Which of these animals have nephrons?

What is the typical osmolarity of seawater?

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once. -surrounds the glomerulus

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once. -Na+ and Cl- actively transported out here, but water and urea are not moved across the membrane

What is the human temperature set point, typically?

How is osmolarity measured?

Which of the following organisms is an endotherm?

Which segment of the mammalian nephron receives the filtrate first?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once. -Na⁺ and Cl^- actively transported out here, but water and urea are not moved across the membrane