Question 1

Which sequence presents the insect tracheal system structures in the correct order, from most external to most internal?

Accepted Answer

A)  tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches, spiracles 
B)  tracheoles, tracheal branches, tracheae, spiracles 
C)  spiracles, tracheae, tracheal branches, tracheoles 
D)  spiracles, tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches 
A)  tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches, spiracles 
B)  tracheoles, tracheal branches, tracheae, spiracles 
C)  spiracles, tracheae, tracheal branches, tracheoles 
D)  spiracles, tracheoles, tracheae, tracheal branches C

Question 2

How much of O2 from water flowing over gills is extracted by countercurrent exchange?

Accepted Answer

A)  50% to 60% 
B)  60% to 70% 
C)  80% to 90% 
D)  90% to 100% 
A)  50% to 60% 
B)  60% to 70% 
C)  80% to 90% 
D)  90% to 100% C

Question 3

Which animal uses positive pressure breathing to ventilate its lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  a bird 
B)  a salamander 
C)  a lizard 
D)  a human 
A)  a bird 
B)  a salamander 
C)  a lizard 
D)  a human B

Question 4

When the diaphragm contracts, it moves up into the thoracic cavity, thereby decreasing its volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Match each term with its description.
-inhalation

Accepted Answer

A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids) 
A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids)

Question 6

Llamas, which are customarily known as mountain dwellers, have hemoglobin with a higher O2 binding affinity than that of humans. That being said, how would you predict the llama hemoglobin-O2 dissociation curve would differ from that of a human? (See diagram below.)

Accepted Answer

The slope of the llama hemoglobin-O₂ diss

Question 7

Which respiratory control centres are most sensitive to changes in CO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  the receptors of the cortex 
B)  the aortic bodies 
C)  the carotid bodies 
D)  the receptors of the medulla 
A)  the receptors of the cortex 
B)  the aortic bodies 
C)  the carotid bodies 
D)  the receptors of the medulla

Question 8

Match each term with its description.
-perfusion

Accepted Answer

A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids) 
A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids)

Question 9

What is a disadvantage of air as a respiratory medium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air evaporates water from the respiratory surface. 
B)  Air requires less energy to ventilate over the respiratory surface. 
C)  Air is 1000 times less dense than water. 
D)  Air contains 30 times as much O2 as water. 
A)  Air evaporates water from the respiratory surface. 
B)  Air requires less energy to ventilate over the respiratory surface. 
C)  Air is 1000 times less dense than water. 
D)  Air contains 30 times as much O2 as water.

Question 10

Which lung volume keeps the lungs from completely deflating, even after a maximal exhalation?

Accepted Answer

A)  vital capacity 
B)  total capacity 
C)  residual volume 
D)  tidal volume 
A)  vital capacity 
B)  total capacity 
C)  residual volume 
D)  tidal volume

Question 11

What is the name of the primary muscle involved in human breathing?

Accepted Answer

A)  the diaphragm 
B)  the internal intercostals 
C)  the external intercostals 
D)  the abdominal wall muscles 
A)  the diaphragm 
B)  the internal intercostals 
C)  the external intercostals 
D)  the abdominal wall muscles

Question 12

Blood O2 levels have the greatest influence on mammalian breathing rate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which term refers to the respiratory surfaces of mammalian lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  bronchioles 
B)  air sacs 
C)  bronchi 
D)  alveoli 
A)  bronchioles 
B)  air sacs 
C)  bronchi 
D)  alveoli

Question 14

Alveoli are the respiratory surfaces of birds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which respiratory surface property enhances the diffusion of respiratory gases?

Accepted Answer

A)  cool temperatures 
B)  a large surface area 
C)  a thick epithelial layer 
D)  the presence of active transport pumps 
A)  cool temperatures 
B)  a large surface area 
C)  a thick epithelial layer 
D)  the presence of active transport pumps

Question 16

Which event occurs in lung blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma HCO3- enters erythrocytes. 
B)  In erythrocytes, carbonic anhydrase converts CO2 and H2O into HCO3- and H+. 
C)  Free H+ binds to hemoglobin. 
D)  CO2 binds to hemoglobin. 
A)  Plasma HCO3- enters erythrocytes. 
B)  In erythrocytes, carbonic anhydrase converts CO2 and H2O into HCO3- and H+. 
C)  Free H+ binds to hemoglobin. 
D)  CO2 binds to hemoglobin.

Question 17

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered structure in the diagram of the human respiratory system. Write your answers in the spaces provided.   Identify structure A:
Identify structure B:
Identify structure C:
Identify structure D:
Identify structure E:
Identify structure F:
Identify structure G:
Identify structure H:
Identify structure I:
Identify structure J:
Identify structure K:
Identify structure L:

Accepted Answer

A) nasal passages
B) pharynx
C

Question 18

Which of the following air-filled respiratory system structures are common in insects?

Accepted Answer

A)  tracheal tubes 
B)  lungs 
C)  gills 
D)  integumentary surfaces 
A)  tracheal tubes 
B)  lungs 
C)  gills 
D)  integumentary surfaces

Question 19

How is most O2 transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  bound to hemoglobin 
B)  as gas 
C)  dissolved in the plasma 
D)  as bicarbonate ions 
A)  bound to hemoglobin 
B)  as gas 
C)  dissolved in the plasma 
D)  as bicarbonate ions

Question 20

Match each term with its description.
-cellular respiration

Accepted Answer

A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids) 
A) flow of blood (or body fluids) on the internal side of the respiratory surface 
B) gas exchange between the blood and body tissue cells 
C) general term used to describe an animal's exchange of gases with the respiratory medium 
D) specifically describes the release of air from the lungs to the atmosphere 
E) flow of the respiratory medium over the external side of the respiratory surface
F)occurs due to the expansion of the lungs and thoracic cavity
G)exchange of gases between the respiratory medium and the blood (or internal body fluids)

Exam 40: Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Which sequence presents the insect tracheal system structures in the correct order, from most external to most internal?

How much of O2 from water flowing over gills is extracted by countercurrent exchange?

Which animal uses positive pressure breathing to ventilate its lungs?

When the diaphragm contracts, it moves up into the thoracic cavity, thereby decreasing its volume.

Match each term with its description. -inhalation

Llamas, which are customarily known as mountain dwellers, have hemoglobin with a higher O2 binding affinity than that of humans. That being said, how would you predict the llama hemoglobin-O2 dissociation curve would differ from that of a human? (See diagram below.)

Which respiratory control centres are most sensitive to changes in CO2?

Match each term with its description. -perfusion

What is a disadvantage of air as a respiratory medium?

Which lung volume keeps the lungs from completely deflating, even after a maximal exhalation?

What is the name of the primary muscle involved in human breathing?

Blood O2 levels have the greatest influence on mammalian breathing rate.

Which term refers to the respiratory surfaces of mammalian lungs?

Alveoli are the respiratory surfaces of birds.

Which respiratory surface property enhances the diffusion of respiratory gases?

Which event occurs in lung blood?

Which of the following air-filled respiratory system structures are common in insects?

How is most O2 transported in the blood?

Match each term with its description. -cellular respiration

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

How much of O₂ from water flowing over gills is extracted by countercurrent exchange?

Llamas, which are customarily known as mountain dwellers, have hemoglobin with a higher O₂ binding affinity than that of humans. That being said, how would you predict the llama hemoglobin-O₂ dissociation curve would differ from that of a human? (See diagram below.)

Which respiratory control centres are most sensitive to changes in CO₂?

Blood O₂ levels have the greatest influence on mammalian breathing rate.

How is most O₂ transported in the blood?